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八年级（下）新目标英语重点短语及句型总汇
Unit 1 Will people have robots?
fewer people更少的人（fewer修饰名词复数，表示否定）
less free time更少的空闲时间（less修饰不可数名词，表示否定）
in ten years 10年后（in的时间短语用于将来时，提问用How soon）
fall in love with…爱上… 例：When I met Mr. Xu for the first time, I fell in love with him at once当我第一次见到许老师，我立刻爱上他
live alone单独居住
feel lonely 感到孤独（比较：live alone/go along等）
The girl walked alone along the street, but she didn’t feel lonely那女孩独自沿着街道走，但她并不感到孤独
keep/feed a pet pig 养一头宠物猪
fly to the moon 飞上月球
hundreds of +复数 数百/几百（概数，类似还有thousands of; millions of）
the same as 和……相同
A be different from B A与B不同(=There is a difference/Thgere are differences between A and B)
wake up醒来（wake sb. up表示 “唤醒某人” get bored 变得厌倦（get/become是连系动词，后跟形容词如tired/angry/excited等）
go skating去滑冰（类似还有go hiking/fishing /skating/bike riding等）
lots of/a lot of许多（修饰可数名词、不可数名词都可以）
at the weekends在周末
study at home on computers在家通过电脑学习
agree with sb.同意某人(的意见)
I don’t agree. = I disagree.我不同意
on a piece of paper在一张纸上（注意paper/information/news/work/homework/housework等常考到的不可数名词）
on vacation 度假
help sb with sth/help sb do sth帮助某人做某事
many different kinds of goldfish许多不同种金鱼


live in an apartment 住在公寓里/
live on the twelfth floor住在12楼
live at NO.332,Shanghai Street住在上海路332号
as a reporter作为一名记者
look smart 显得精神/看起来聪明
Are you kidding?你在骗我吗
in the future在将来/在未来
no more=not …anymore不再（强调多次发生的动作不再发生）
no longer=not… any longer不再（强调状态不再发生） besides（除…之外还，包括）与except =but（除…之外，不包括）
be able to与can 能、会（be able to用于各种时态，而can只能用于一般现在时态和一般过去时态中；
have to用于各种时态，而must只能用于一般现在时态）例如：
1.I have been able to/will be able to speak two languages. （不可以用can）
2. had to stay at home/ will have to （不可以用must）
be big and crowded 大而且拥挤
be in college 在上大学
live on a space station 住在空间站
dress casually 穿得很随意casual clothing 休闲服饰
win the next World Cup赢得世界杯
win award 获僵 come true变成现实
take hundreds of years花几百年的时间 be fun to watch 看起来有趣
over and over again 一次又一次
be in different shapes形状不同
twenty years from now 今后20年
本单元目标句型：
What do you think life will be like in 1000 years?
There will be fewer trees、more buildings and less pollution in the future.
fewer； less表示否定之意，分别修饰可数名词和不可数名词；more二者都可以修饰。
Will kids go to school? No, they won’t/Yes, they will。
Predicting the future can be difficult.



I need to look smart for my job interview.
I will be able to dress more casually.
I think I’ll go to Hong Kong on vacation, and one day I might even visit Australia.
What will teenagers do for fun twenty years from now?
That may not seem possible now, but computers, space rockets and even electric toothbrushes seemed impossible a hundred years ago.
本单元语法讲解 一般将来时
表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。本时态标志词：
1.含tomorrow; next短语；2.in+段时间 ；3.how soon；
4.by+将来时间；5.by the time sb.do…6.祈使句句型中：or/and sb. will do 7.时间/条件状语从句中, 如果从句用一般现在时, 主句用将来时 8.another day
比较be going to 与will:
1.be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will 表示的将来时间则较远一些。如： He is going to write a letter tonight.
He will write a book one day.
2. be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。
He is seriously ill. He is going to die.He will be twenty years old.
3. be going to 含有“，准备”的意思，而 will 则没有这个意思，如：
She is going to lend us her book.
He will be here in half an hour.
4.在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用 be going to, 而多用will, 如：
If any beasts comes at you, I'll stay with you and help you.
掌握了它们的这些不同，你就能很好的区分be going to与will了。
一般将来时常见的标志词
1.含tomorrow; next短语； 2.in+段时间 ；
3.how…soon；
4. by+将来时间；
5.祈使句句型中：or/and sb. will do
例Be quick, or you will be late=If you don’t be quick, you will be late
6.在时间/条件状语从句中, 如果从句用一般现在时, 主句用将来时（另见Unit 5）


Unit 2 What should I do?
too loud太大声
out of style过时的 in style流行的
call sb up=ring sb.up=call/ring/phone sb.给…打电话
enough money足够的钱(enough修饰名词时不必后置)
busy enough够忙enough修饰形容词或副词时必须后置)
a ticket to/for a ball game 一张球赛的门票
注意：the key to the lock/the key(answer)r to the question)/the solution to the problem
此处几个短语不能用of表示所有格talk about谈论on the phone用电话pay for付款
spend…on +sth.=spend...(in)doing sth.在…花钱
It takes sb. sometime to do sth.某人做某事花…的时间
borrow …from从….借( 借进来)
lend…to把…借给（借出去）
You can keep the book for a week你可以借这本书一周。（不用borrow或lend）
buy sth for sb为……买东西
tell sb to do /not to do sth.sth告诉某人做某事
want sb. to do sth.=would like sb. to do想某人做某事
find out 发现；查清楚；弄明白
play one’s stereo 放录象
fail the test=not pass the test 考试不及格
fail in (doing) sth…在...上失败,变弱
succeed in (doing) sth 在...方面成功
write sb a letter/write to sb. 给某人写信
surprise sb使某人吃惊(类似有：surprise/interest/please/amaze+某人）
to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是…..
to one’s joy 使某人高兴的是…..
look fora part-time job 找一份兼职的工作（不一定有结果）
get/find a part-time job 找到一份兼职的工作（有结果） ask sb. for… 寻求/向某人要某物
have a bake sale 卖烧烤
argue with sb = have an argument with sb.与某人争吵
have a fight with sb.=fight with与某人打架


drop off 离去；散去；逐渐减少;死去
prepare for…=get ready for…为…做准备
after-school clubs(activities) 课外俱乐部（活动）be/get used to doing 习惯做某事
used to do 过去经常/常常做某事
be used for doing=be used to do sth.被用于做某事
fill… up填补；装满… be full of装满
return sth. to sb.=give sth. back to sb.把某物归还给某人
get on /along well with 与…相处很好
all kinds of 各种各样
as much as possible=as much as you can 尽可能多 take part in=join in 参加（某种活动/集会）
a bit =a little 一点儿（当修饰形容词或比较级时）
a bit of =a little 一点儿/一些（当修饰不可数名词时）
be angry with… 生…的气
by oneself=on one’s own 某人自己/独自地
on the one hand一方面on the other hand 另一方面
I find/feel/think it difficult to do...我发现/感到/认为做某事很难.
see/hear/watch sb. doing sth.看到/听见/注视某人正在做…
not…until直到…才（谓语动词一般是非延续动词）
表示某人情绪有关的形容词用法: be/become+ upset/tired/excited/interested/worried/surprised/amazed/annoyed
说明：当主语是某人时，注意后面的形容词一般是-ed结尾的单词，而当主语是某物时或修饰名词时，注意后面形容词一般是-ing结尾单词.）例如:I was surprised/interested/amazed when I heard the surprising/interesting/amazing news.
radio advice program 电台提建议的节目 be original 新颖的
leave something somewhere 把某物忘在某处 sports clothes 运动服
the same age as=as old as 和--- 年龄一样 the tired children 疲惫不堪的孩子
complain about (doing sth) 抱怨、、、


take their children from activity to activity 带着孩子参加一个接一个的活动
try to do sth, 尽量干某事 try doing sth 试着干某事
be under too much pressure 压力太大
a mother of three 三个孩子的妈妈
take part in after-school clubs 参加课后俱乐部
compepition starts from a very young age 竞争从很小年纪就开始了
compare…with 和---比较
67.organized activities 有组织的活动
本单元目标句型：
What’s wrong(with you)?/What’s the matter?
What should I do?我该怎么办
You could write him a letter.你可以给他写封信 .
You should say sorry to him.你应该给他道歉.
They shouldn’t argue.他们不应该争吵.?
Why don’t you talk to him about it?
=Why not talk to him about it?=You should/could talk to him about it.
=What/How about talking to him about it.=You’d better talk to him about it.
The parents try to fit as much as possible into their kids lives.
Activities include sports, language learning, music and math classes.
Thirty people, including six children (six children included), went to visit the factory.
People shouldn’t push their children so hard.
Parents are trying to plan their kids’ lives for them. When these kids are adults, they might find t difficult to plan things for themselves.


Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?
in front of 在……的前面（外部） in the front of 在……的前面（内部）
in the library在图书馆
get out of/get into 出……之外/进入
sleep late睡懒觉sleep well睡得好 get to sleep=fall asleep睡着
walk down/along 沿……走
take off (飞机)起飞；脱下（衣帽）
on Sunday evening在星期日晚上注意:（特指某日如星期、假日、某月某日或某个特定的上、下午、晚上用on）
in the tree在树上 on the tree在树上
take photos 照相 at the train station 在火车站
run away 跑开，逃跑
as+adj原形 as 和…一样…例如：She is (not) as beautiful as her sister. I can run as fast as he(him)
buy/draw/make sth. for sb.为某人买/画/制作
walk home走回家 in history 在历史上
for example 例如 in the city of 在……市
on the playground 在操场上 ten minutes ago十分钟前
take place 发生（强调必然性）
happen to sth./sb.发生（强调偶然性）例如：What has happened to you?=What’s the matter with you?=What’s wrong with you?
of course=sure=certainly 当然
all over the world=around the world遍及全世界
outside/inside the station 在车站外/内
next to 相邻，紧贴close to 接近于；在附近
be ill in hospital/bed 生病住院/在床
hear about/of 听说（间接听到）
in silence沉默不语 keep silent 保持沉默
an unusual experience 一次不寻常的经历
have fun doing sth 干某事有乐趣
have difficult time doing sth干某事有困难
have meaning to 对—有意义


become the first Chinese astronaut in space 成为中国第一个太空宇航员 a national hero 一个民族英雄 be famous all over the world 全世界出名 for the first time 第一次
本单元目标句型:
What were you doing when I arrived/at that time/at 8:00 last night/from 9:00 to 10:00 yesterday?
I was doing sth. When+一般过去时的时间状语从句...
How about... / What about...?
While sth./sb. was doing sth., I was doing sth....
当不明飞行物着陆时，你正在干啥？What were you doing when the UFO landed?
当妈妈正在做饭时，我在看电视。While my mother was cooking ,I was watching TV.
I was walking down the street when a UFO landed right in front of me.
You can image how strange it was.
I followed to see where it was going.
Isn’t that amazing!
She didn’t thinking about looking outside the station.
I was so tired this morning. It was difficult to get out of the bed.
Liu Xiang won the gold medal at the 2004 Olympics.
Beijng was made host to the 2008 Olympics.
People often remember what they were doing when they heard the news of important events in history.
This was one of the most important events in modern American history.
Even the most everyday activities can seem important.
Our teacher asked us to stop what we were doing and listen.
However, in more recent times, most Americans remember what they were doing when the World Trade Center in New York was destroyed by terrorists.
Not all events in history are as terrible as this, of course.
His flight around the Earth lasted about 22 hours.


本单元语法讲解
过去进行时（Past Progressive Tense）
句型 S + was/were +V-ing…例A：She was doing her homework at 8:30 yesterday evening.（昨天傍晚八点半她正在做家庭作业。）
例B：We were having supper at that time.（那个时候我们正在吃晚饭。）

解说 如例1所示，在单句中使用过去进行时来表达时必须把该动作正在进行中的时间表明清楚，否则就不合逻辑了。
例如：I was taking a bath yesterday. （错）
（昨天我正在洗澡——昨天24小时都正在洗澡吗？）
所以本句应该如例1来表达，或者用一般过去时表达如下：
I took a bath yesterday.（昨天我洗了澡。）
如果由上下文的文意，或者对谈中的话意可以了解“动作正在进行中的时间”，单句里就使用过去进行时来表达是很普通的，例如：
A：I called you up yesterday evening. B：Did you? At what time? A：At around ten o'clock. （大约在十点钟。） B：Oh, I was taking a bath then.（哦，当时我正在洗澡。）


过去进行时在表达上常用的句式是如例2所示和另一个一般过去时的动作相搭配。请观察下面的图解说明：

过去有二动作A和B（如图示），在B动作发生时稍早发生的A动作正好在进行中，所以这种表达法通常都是复句（主句+副词从句）。例如： When I got up this morning, Mother was preparing breakfast in the kitchen.
（今天早上我起床时妈妈正在厨房里准备早餐。—“Mother…。”是主句，“when…，”是副词从句。）
常用于修饰过去进行时的时间副词：过去的某一定点时刻（at + 过去的时刻），then （= at that time）（那时，当时），all + 时间，“When…/While…/As…”等副词从句，etc.


Unit 4 He said I was hard-working
every Saturday 每周六
first of all 首先
both…and…两者都（谓语动词要注意对称原则）
neither….nor两者都不（谓语动词要注意就近和对称原则）
most of…绝大多数
an exciting week 令人兴奋的一周
agree on something 同意某人的；对….取得 一致意见
agree to do sth.答应/同意做… pass on (to)传递
be supposed to do sth. 被期望或被要求做... ...
be mad at …对……疯狂/生气
do better in=be better at 在......方面做得更好 be in good health 身体健康 report card 成绩单
sound /feel /smell /taste /look 是连系动词，一般只能跟adj.做表语
sound like/feel like/smell like/taste like/look like 听起来像…/感觉像…/闻起来像…/尝起来像…/看起来像…+sb./sth.
get… over 克服；恢复；原谅 open up 打开/展开/开发/揭露
care for 照料；照顾；意愿；计较
have a(surprise) party for sb. 为某人举行一次（惊喜0聚会
end-of-year exam=final exam期末考试 not-anymore 不再
do a home project 做作业
be surprised\happy\excited to do sth 做某事感到惊讶、高兴、激动
be \get nervous 感到紧张 have a very hard time with.. 在---日子不好过
an disappointing result 令人失望的结果
take\ leave a message 捎（留）个口信
have a big fight it is a good idea for sb. to do sth to teach in China’s rural areas feel lucky
people who need help 需要帮助的人
something we can do for them 我们能为他们做的事
there is no difference between…and.. 在。。和。。之间没有区别 Groups and the work they do
the Hope Project 希望工程 fortunately




本单元目标句型：
转述他人话语:What did sb. say? He said I …She said she…They said…：许老师告诉我徐梦蝶会说二种语言。Mr. Xu told me that XuMengdie could speak three languages.
许老师说地球绕着太阳转。Mr. Xu said (that)the earth turns around the sun.
许老师告诉我他将去北京。She told me he would go to Beijing the next day.
许老师说欧洋正在做作业Mr. Xu said OuYang was doing his homework at that time.
许老师说王硕研勤奋。Mr. Xu said Wang Shuoyan was hard-working.
在英语上，与听相比，我更擅长于读。In English, I’m better at reading than listening.
情况怎样？ How’s it going?
她不想再当我最好的朋友了。She didn’t want to be my
best friend anymore.
I said it would start a bad habit , and that she would do her own work.
That’s about all the news I have now. Mum and Dad send their love.
She said helping others changed her life.
Teaching high school students in a poor mountain village in Gansu Province may not like fun to you.
The Peking University graduate first went there as an volunteer on a one-year program.
Life in the mountains was a new experience for Lang Lei. Her village was 2,000metere above the sea level, and at first the thin air made her feel sick.
Young people today need to experience different things
Some of the students may not be able to go to senior high school or collage.
I can open up my students’ eyes to the outside world and give them a good start in life.
She said she likes being a good influence in the children’s lives.

She now works as a math teacher at a high school in the city of Pingliang, Gansu Province.
You are at B’s house working on a homework project.
You were supposed to meet at the bus stop this morning to return it, but A didn’t come to the bus stop.
A calls you with a message for C. Pass on the message, and then give C’s answer to A.
What are some things that happen on soap operas?
本单元语法讲解
直接引语和间接引语
直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必须放在引号内，间接引语则不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时，除将引语部分变成宾语从句外，还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。
时态的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，通常受转述动词said，asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态，即把原来的时态向过去推，也就是一般现在时变
一般过去时，现在进行时变为过去进行时等。 例如：
Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.” →Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.
2. 人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化；根据意义进行相应的变化。 如：1. She asked Jack,“Where have you been?” →She asked Jack where he had been.2. He said,“These books are mine.” →He said that those books were his.
（二）直接引语改为间接引语时，都使用陈述语序，但是因为原句的句式不同，所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。
1.陈述句的间接引语：陈述句由直接引语变间接引语，由that引导，可以省略。1.“I want the blue one.” he told us. “我想要兰色的。” 他说。→He told us that he wanted the blue one.他说他想要兰色的。
2.She said to me, “You can’t do anything now.”她对我说：“此刻你无法做任何事情。”→ She told me that I couldn’t do anything then. 她对我说那时我无法做任何事。


2. 疑问句的间接引语
直接引语如果是疑问句，变成间接引语后，叫做间接疑问句。间接疑问句为陈述语序，句末用句号，动词时态等的变化与间接陈述句相同。引述动词常用ask, wonder, want to know等间接疑问句一般有三种：
(1)．一般疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时， 由whether或if 引导。 如：
“Has he ever worked in Shanghai?”Jim asked. “他在上海工作过吗？”吉姆问。
→Jim asked whether/if he had ever worked in Shanghai.吉姆问他是否在上海工作过。
“Can you tell me the way to the hospital?” The old man asked. 那个老人问：“你能告诉我去医院的路吗？
→The old man asked whether I could tell him the way to the hospital. 那老人问我是否能告诉他去医院路。
(2). 特殊疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，仍由原来的疑问词引导。 如：
“Which room do you live in?” He asked. “你住哪个房间？”他问我。 →He asked me which room I lived in. 他问我住哪个房间。 “What do you think of the film?” She asked.她问“你怎么看这部电影？”
→She asked her friend what she thought of the film.她问她朋友怎么看这部电影。
(3). 选择疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，由whether/if …or引导。 如：
“Is it your bike or Tom’s? Mum asked.妈妈问：“这是你的自行车还是汤姆的？”
→Mum asked whether/if it was my bike or Tom’s.妈妈问这是我的自行车还是汤姆的。
“Does your sister like blue dresses or green ones?” Kate asked.“你妹妹喜欢兰色的裙子还是绿色的？”凯特问。
→Kate asked whether/if my sister liked blue dresses or green ones.凯特问我妹妹喜欢兰色裙子还是绿色的。


3. 祈使句的间接引语当祈使句变为间接引语时，间接祈使句的引述动词常用tell，ask，order，beg，request，order等，而把直接祈使句变成带to的不定式短语。 如： Jack said, “Please come to my house tomorrow, Mary. ”杰克说：“玛丽，明天请到我家来。” →Jack asked Mary to go to his house the next day. 杰克请玛丽第二天到他家去。
The teacher said to the students, ”Stop talking.”老师对学生们说：“不要了。”
→The teacher told the students to stop talking.老师让学生们不要说话了。
“Don’t touch anything.” He said. “不要碰任何东西。”他说。 →He told us not to touch anything. 他对我们说不要碰任何东西。
4. 动词时态和代词等的变动
(1). 某些代词，限定词，表示时间或地点的副词和个别动词在间接引语中的变化规则：
直接引语 间接引语
today that day
now then, at that moment
yesterday the day before
the day before yesterday two days before
tomorrow the next day / the following day
the day after tomorrow two days after, / in two days
next week/ month etc the next week/month etc
last week/ month etc the week / month etc. before
here there
this that
these those
come go
bring take





(2). 如果引述动词为现在时形式，则间接引语中的动词时态，代词，限定词和表示时间或地点的副词不用变化。而如果引述动词是过去时，以上内容就要有相应变化。变化情况如下： 现在时间推移到过去的时间(注意:如果直接引语是表示客观规律的,那么时态仍然用一般现在时
一般现在时 →一般过去时；
现在进行时 →过去进行时；
一般将来时→过去将来时；
现在完成时→过去完成时；



Unit 5 If you go to the party，you’ll have a great time!
at the party在晚会上 ask sb. to do sth.请某人做某事
stay at home呆在家 half the class/students 一半学生
get injured 受伤 make money =earn money挣钱
have a great time =have a wonderful\good time 玩得高兴
take …away 运走，取走 put away 收起来，放好 all the time=always 一直，始终go to college 上大学
make a living (by doing sth) 谋生
in order to do sth… 为了做某事 have a party 举行聚会
be famous for… 因……而著称 be famous as… 作为…而出名
in fact 事实上 laugh at… 嘲笑
too much太多(修饰不可数名词) too many太多(修饰可数名词复数)much too+形容词/副词 太…
get exercise 锻炼 注意（exercise当“锻炼”是不可数名词；而当“操”“练习”是可数名词） wear jeans穿牛仔裤
travel around the world 周游世界 work hard 努力工作
let ... in 允许……进入，嵌入 keep…out 不允许。。进入
get an education获得教育take… away 拿开，拿走 study for the test 准备考试
make some food 准备食物 make dumplings 做水饺
make the bed 整理床铺 生
the rules for school parties 学校派对的规则
children’s hospital 儿童医院 join the Lions 加入狮队
give money to schools and charities 给学校和慈善组织捐钱 become a professional soccer player成为一个职业的足球运动员organize the games for the class party为班级派对准备游戏
play sports for a living 靠体育运动为生
本单元目标句型：
1. If you do, you’ll…2. I’m going to …3. You should… 4. Don’t you want to …?5. Don’t you think ….?
①如果李老师去参加晚会，我们将会玩得非常高兴。 If Ms Li goes to the party, we’ll have a great time.
②如果你穿牛仔裤去晚会，李老师将不会让你进入。If you wear jeans to the party, Ms Li won’t let you in.


6.For many young people, becoming a professional athlete might seem like a dream job.
7.If you become a professional athlete, you will be able to make a living doing something you love.
8.However, professional athletes can also have many problems.
9.If you are famous, people will watch you all the time and follow you everywhere. This can make life difficult.
If you become rich, you will have a difficult time knowing who your real friends are.
11.In fact, many famous people complain that they are not happy.
本单元语法讲解
if 引导的条件状语从句。If是连词，所连接的句子 叫条件状语 从句，表示假设或条件，意思是 “ 如果…的话”，用法如下：
1、表示假设，表示将会发生和可能发生的事，或进行提醒警告。句子结构如下： If +句子（一般现在时），+主句（主语will/may/can) +动词）
If you finish your homework , you can go out and play.
If I have enough money next year , I will go to travel .
表示真实条件、客观真理、自然现象、定理定义 . 民 间谚语等，句型是：
If + 句子 （一般现在时 ），+ 主句 （ 一般现在时）.
例： If you study hard ,you are sure to succeed .
If you put ice in a warm place ,it turns into water .
If a glass falls on the floor, it usually breaks
If you cook a banana, it becomes very soft .
If a plant don’t get enough light ,it grows very tall and thin.



Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?
raise money for筹钱 collect stamps 集邮 run out of… 用尽
by the way 顺便说一下on the way to.. 在…的路上
be interested in 对…感兴趣 more than=over超过
fly kites 放风筝 start class 开始上课
start a snow globe collector’s club开办雪球仪收集者俱乐部
the most common(unusual, interesting) hobby 最普通的爱好 listen to music videos 听音乐碟片
organize a talent show to raise money for charity 为慈善机构捐钱而举办的才艺展示
extra English lessons 额外的英语课
have problems with the language 语言方面有问题
the capital of Heilongjiang Province 黑龙江的省会
an interesting city with a colorful history 一个有着丰富多彩历史文化的有趣的城市
three and a half years =three years and a half三年半
a pair of skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans 一双滑冰鞋/一双鞋/一副眼镜/一条裤子/牛仔裤
How much is a pair of skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans?
= How much does a(this) pair of skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans cost?
How much are the skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans?
= How much do the skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans cost?
本单元目标句型：
How long have you been skating? 你滑冰有多长时间了？
I’ve been skating since nine o’clock./since I was four years old.我从九点一直滑到现在/我从四岁一直滑到现在。
I’ve been skating for five hours.我一直滑了五小时 。
The more I learn about Chinese history, the more I enjoy living in China. 我对中国的历史了解得越多， 我就越喜欢住在中国。
Was this your first skating marathon? No, I skated in a marathon last year.
When did you get your first pair of skates?

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