学科：英语

教学内容：When was it invented?

　　教材分析及教学要求

　　重点1. 了解古今中外的一些发明创造的英名字

　　在本单元，我们将搭乘“科技之光”，了解古今中外的一些发明创造的故事。我们中国有着悠久的历史，博大的化，更有许多影响人类进程的里程碑式的发明创造。说起四大发明，想必大家都不陌生吧？那么，你知道它们的英名字吗？

　　好了，让我告诉大家。

　　

　　对了，从左到右，从上往下，分别是火药（gun powder），指南针( compass )，造纸术( paper making )，印刷术( printing )。

　　

　　认识了它们的英表达后，是不是学起历史更加有兴致了？是不是更加热爱我们的祖国了？没错！每个发明创造的背后都有许许多多有趣、辛苦的故事。大家可以通过上网、看书，查到许多这方面的资料，从而丰富我们的视野。

　　

　　任务设计

　　任务Ⅰ. 请将下列发明归类

computer, TV, car, hand-held calculator, camera, shoes with adjustable heels, umbrella, telephone, flying disk, heated ice cream scoop, light bulb, hamburgers, radio, microwave oven, potato chips, pizza, vacuum cleaner, tea, abacus, binoculars, bicycle, battery operated slippers, alarm clock,

　　生活用品___________ ____________ _________

　　　　　　___________ ____________ _________ _________

　　　　　　___________ ____________ _________ _________

　　　　　　___________ ____________

　　办公用品 ___________ ____________ _________

　　交通用品 ___________ ____________

　　科学工具 ___________

　　食物___________ __________ _________ _________

　　

　　重点2. 被动语态

　　什么是被动语态呢？请先看下面两个例子：

　　I open the door. 我打开门。

　　The door is opened by me. 门被我打开。

　　哦！原表示某物被某人怎么样的时候，我们可以用被动语态表示。那么，被动语态是怎么构成的呢？

　　某物 + be 动词 + 动词的过去分词 + by + 某人

　　1．把主动态变成被动态的方法是把动词to be变成原的主动态动词的时态，再加上主动态里动词的过去分词。

　　主动态： Bell invented telephones. 贝尔发明了电话机。

　　在这个主动态句子中，时态是一般过去时，所以，变成被动态时，首先要把to be 变成它的一般过去时形式，即：was / were。然后加上主动态里的动词的过去分词形式。于是就变成了：

　　Telephones were invented by Bell. 电话机被贝尔发明了。

　　注意进行时态的被动态。这种语态有时似乎难以使用，因为它要求用to be的现在进行时，这种形式在其他方面用得不多。

　　主动态：They are repairing the bridge.

　　　　　　他们正在修桥。

　　被动态：The bridge is being repaired by them.

　　　　　　桥正在被他们修理。

　　2．主、被动时态对照表：

时态/动词形式

主动态

被动态

一般现在时

keeps

is kept

现在进行时

is keeping

is being kept

一般过去时

kept

was kept

过去进行时

was keeping

was being kept

现在完成时

has kept

has been kept

过去完成时

had kept

had been kept

一般将时

will keep

will be kept

虚拟语气

would keep

would be kept

　　3. 本单元出现的被动语态

　　Who was it / were they invented by?

　　它（它们）是由谁发明的？

　　It was / They were invented by … + sb.

　　它（它们）是由……发明的。

　　When was it / were they invented by?

　　它（它们）是什么时候被发明出的？

　　It was / They were invented … + time

　　它（它们）是……被发明出的。

　　What is it / are they used for?

　　它（它们）有什么用途呢？

　　It is / They are used for + doing sth.

　　它（它们）被用……。

　　任务Ⅱ. 请用下列词汇编几组特殊疑问句。（用被动语态）

　　electric slippers, adjustable heels, tea, microwave ovens, potato chips

　　1.__________________________? (When)

　　2.__________________________? (When)

　　3.__________________________? (What)

　　4.__________________________? (Who)

　　5.__________________________? (Who)

　　

　　任务Ⅲ. 请仿照sample，编三组对话介绍中国的四大发明吧！（ Four Great Inventions ）

　　Clues:

　　What: paper making

　　Wh Cai Lun

　　When: one thousand eight hundred years ago

　　What…for: record information

　　A: What do you think is the most important invention?

　　B: That is paper making.

　　A: Who was it invented by?

　　B: It was invented by Cai Lun.

　　A: When was it invented?

　　B: It was invented one thousand eight hundred years ago.

　　A: What is it used for?

　　B: It is used for recording information.

　　下面的表格将帮助你完成编对话。

the names of inventions

when

who

be used for

gun powder

Tang Dynasty

don’t know

exploding, war, fireworks

compass

War Dynasty

Chinese people

knowing the direction

printing

one thousand ,three hundred years ago

Bi Sheng

printing

paper making

one thousand eight hundred years ago

Cai Lun

recording information

任务Ⅳ. 阅读理解

　　Future computer

　　Do you forget to turn off the lights and heateas when you go out of a room? In 2004 it will not matter. They will turn themselves off and on again when your return. You will choose the temperature for each room the lighting and the humidity. (湿度) A sensor will detect ( 察觉) the presence of a human ( and, with luck, ignore ( 忽略 ) the dog!) and turn the systems on, and when the humans leave it will turn them off again.

　　The sensors will work through the central home computer, and they will do much more than just turn the fire and lights on and off for you. They will detect faulty electrical equipment, wires or switches, separate ( 隔离) them so that they can’t harm anyone, and then warn you that they need repair. They will detect fire and if you are out of the house, the computer will call the fireman. It will also call the police if the sensors detect a robber. This will not be too difficult because the locks on the outside doors will be electronic. You will open them using our personal card------ the one you use for shopping-----may be using a number known only to you.

　　It will be important to lose the key, and a housebreaker will have to tamper ( 乱动) with the lock or with a windo It is not very difficult to make such tampering send a signal ( 信号 ) to the computer.

　　The computer will be more than a fireman-policeman-servant. It will be an entertainer, and most of your entertainment will come right into your home. It does now, of course, but by 2040 entertainment will mean much more. You will be able to take part actively, rather than just watching.

　　Questions:

　　1.Can the future computer help you turn on and off the lights?

　　_____________________________________.

　　2.Can the future computer warn you that the electrical equipment need repair?

　　_____________________________________.

　　3.If you are out of the house, who will call the fireman?

　　_____________________________________.

　　4.In the future, what will you use to open the door?

　　_____________________________________.

　　5.Are you able to take part in the entertainment on computer at home in the future?

　　_____________________________________.

　　

　　参考答案

　　任务设计

　　任务Ⅰ.

　　生活用品 telephone, TV, shoes with adjustable heels, battery operated slippers, heated ice cream scoop, alarm clock, light bulb, radio, microwave oven, vacuum cleaner, umbrella, flying disk, camera

　　办公用品 computer, handed-held calculator, abacus,

　　交通工具 car, bicycle,

　　科学工具 binoculars

　　食物 potato chips, pizza, hamburgers, tea

　　任务Ⅱ.

　　1. When were electric slippers invented?

　　2. When were shoes with adjustable heels invented?

　　3. What is tea used for?

　　4. Who was microwave ovens invented by?

　　5. Who were potato chips invented by?

　　任务Ⅲ.

　　1.A: What do you think is the most important invention?

　　B: That is gun powder.

　　A: Who was it invented by?

　　B: I don’t kno

　　A: When was it invented?

　　B: It was invented in Tang Dynasty.

　　A: What is it used for?

　　B: It is used for the war,

　　2.A: What do you think is the most important invention?

　　B: That is compass.

　　A: When was it invented?

　　B: It was invented in War Dynasty.

　　A: Who was it invented by?

　　B: It was invented by Chinese people.

　　A: What is it used for?

　　B: It is used for knowing the direction.

　　3.A: What do you think is the most important invention?

　　B: That is printing.

　　A: When was it invented?

　　B: It was invented one thousand three hundred years ago.

　　A: Who was it invented by?

　　B: It was invented by Bi Sheng.

　　A: What is it used for?

　　B: It is used for printing.

　　

　　任务Ⅳ.

　　1.Yes, it can.

　　2.Yes, it can.

　　3.The computer.

　　4.Your personal card.

　　5.Yes, I can.

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