一、学习目标：
知识目标：能正确使用Module 6 中的单词和短语；
能力目标：能掌握谈论环境的日常交际用语，并能简单介绍环保举措，劝说人们增强环保意识；
情感目标：引导学生提高环保意识。
二、重点、难点：
重点：1. 掌握句型It’s＋adj.＋to do sth.；
2. 掌握短语throw away, instead of, do harm to, make a difference to，stop…from …的用法；
3. 初步了解前缀和后缀。
难点：1. for example, such as 与like的区别；
2. instead of 和rather than的辨析；
3. 前缀，后缀构词法的构成。
三、知能提升：
（一）重点单词
［单词学习］
1. waste
【用法1】n. 浪费
【例句】These meetings are a waste of time. 这些会议真是浪费时间。
【用法2】v. 浪费
waste sth. on sth. 在某物/某事上浪费钱财、时间等；
waste time (in) doing sth. 浪费时间做某事。
【例句】Why do you waste money on clothes you don’t need?
You are wasting your time (in) trying to explain it to him.
【用法3】adj. 无用的；废弃的
【例句】Waste paper can be recycled.
注意：wasteful adj. 浪费的
如：It’s wasteful to throw away your old book.
【考查点】词义理解。
【易错点】词性混淆不清。
【考题链接】It’s bright enough, turn off the light, please. We shouldn’t w___________ electricity.
答案：waste.
解题思路：此题考查waste的用法，句意为“这里足够明亮了，请把灯关了。我们不应该浪费电。”故填写waste，这里waste作动词。
2. environment
【用法】n. 环境
它是由动词environ（包围）＋名词后缀-ment 构成的名词。类似的词有：development， excitement
【例句】The children have a happy environment at school.
【考查点】词义理解。
【易错点】environment的拼写。
【考题链接】
We should prevent the pollution of the e_______________________.
答案：environment。
解题思路：此题考查environment的拼写，句意为“我们应该防止环境污染。”故填写environment。
3. product
【用法】n. 产品，制品
【例句】The company sells plastic products.
与product相关的动词是produce，意思是“制造，生产”。
如：Many kinds of machines are produced in this factory.
【考查点】词义理解。
【易错点】product的拼写。
【考题链接】
We have to find the right p_______________ for the market.
答案：product。
解题思路：此题考查product的拼写，句意为“我们要找出适合市场需要的产品。”故填写product。
［即学即练］
① It’s w_______________ to keep the light on in the bright room.
② Those factories are causing a lot of e____________________ pollution.
③ Our factory produces a kind of new p______________. They are very popular to people.
④ Don’t w_______________ money on junk food.
（二）重点短语
［短语学习］
1. throw away
【用法】“扔掉，抛弃（某物）”
【例句】You should throw away these chairs and buy new ones.
【考查点】短语本意。
【易错点】throw 的过去式和过去分词形式。
【考题链接】
他问我你刚才扔掉了什么。
He asked me what you _______________________ just now.
答案：threw away
解题思路：此题考查throw away的时态，句中“你刚才扔掉了什么”是一个宾语从句，要用陈述句的语序，由表示时间的just now可知要用一般过去时，故填写threw away。
2. instead of
【用法】“代替，而不是”（后接名词，代词和v-ing形式）
【例句】What about eating fish instead of meat today? 今天不吃肉改吃鱼怎么样？
You should go out instead of staying at home. 你应该出去而不是呆在家里。
注意：instead adv. “代替，反而”，单独用时放在句末。
【例句】Why not play football instead?
If you can’t go, let him go instead.
【考查点】instead of的用法。
【易错点】instead of 与rather than易混淆。
辨析：instead of 和rather than的区别：都有“而不是”的意思
instead of：“代替，而不是”，重点词是of，它是介词，所以后接名词，代词和v-ing形式，尤其需注意的是动词该用动名词形式，即v-ing；
rather than：“（是……）而不是……”，它是连词，前后成分在形式上必须保持一致，所以后面的结构应该与前面一样，就有可能出现代词主格，动词的各种形式等，不一而足，但关键是要和与它对比的结构形式一致！
【例句】I’ll go there instead of him.
I rather than he（与I一致）will go there.
Yesterday he walked here instead of driving here.
Yesterday he walked here rather than drove（与walked一致）here.
【考题链接】
有些废品是可循环再利用的，所以我们最好是卖掉它而不是扔掉。
Some waste is reusable, so we’d better sell it for recycling ________________________.
答案：instead of throwing it away/ rather than throw it away。
解题思路：此题考查“而不是”的翻译，由于“而不是”可译为“instead of”或“rather than”，需要注意它们后面动词的形式，instead of后只能跟动名词，故写为instead of throwing it away；而rather than后的动词要和前面的动词形式保持一致，故写为rather than throw it away。
3. do harm to
【用法】对……造成伤害
do harm to sb./ sth. = do sb./ sth. harm “给某人/某物造成伤害，伤害（某人），损害（某物）”
do no harm to sb./ sth. 对某人/某物没有造成伤害
【例句】In my opinion, cheating in exams does great harm to our study.
我认为考试作弊对学习非常有害。
【考查点】短语本意及句型转换。
【易错点】句型转换。
【考题链接】
Hard work does no harm to anyone.
Hard work ____________ ____________ ______________ _____________.
答案：does anyone no harm。
解题思路：此题考查do harm to sb.的句型转换，由于do no harm to sb.＝do sb. no harm, 故写为does anyone no harm。
4. make a difference to
【用法】对……产生重大影响，对……很重要
注意：to是介词，所以后跟名词或动名词。当中的a可以用“no, some”代替，表示“对……没什么影响/有些影响”等意思。
【例句】Success or failure in the exam will make a difference to the students.
【考查点】短语本意。
【易错点】difference易写成different。
【考题链接】
空气对她的身体有很大影响。
The air has ________________________________________________ her health.
答案：made a difference to。
解题思路：此题考查的是make a difference to的翻译，在这里要翻译的是“对……有很大影响”，由于句子前面有一个has，说明动词make要用过去分词，故填写made a difference to。
5. such as
【用法】例如
【考查点】for example, such as 与like的辨析。
辨析：for example, such as 与like ：三者都有“例如”之意
for example：一般只以同类事物或同类人中的“一个”为例，作插入语，用逗号隔开，可置于句首，句中或句末。如：For example, air is invisible（看不见的）。
such as：用来例举同类人或物中的几个例子，后跟名词或动名词, 不用逗号隔开。
如：We learn many subjects, such as English, Chinese and maths.
like: 用来举例时，作为介词，可与such as互换。但such as用于举例时可以分开使用，且不与like互换。
如：Some animals like/ such as the cat, the dog and the wolf, don’t need to hibernate（冬眠）.
He has several such reference books as dictionaries and handbooks.
他有几本像字典、手册之类的参考书。
【易错点】for example, such as 与like的用法易混淆。
【考题链接】
I like playing ball games, ________________ basketball and football.
A. for example B. such as C. likes
答案：B。
解题思路：此题考查的是for example, such as 与like的辨析，由于for example放在句中时，前后要用逗号隔开，而横线后没有逗号，所以排除A；而like用来举例时，是介词，不能在其后面加-s，因此排除C而选B。
6. stop…from doing sth.
【用法】“阻止……做某事”（from可省略）
相当于prevent…(from) doing sth. / keep…from doing sth.
【考查点】短语本意。
【易错点】不明确from后要用动名词。
【考题链接】
We should stop the factories _________________ the air.
A. to pollute B. pollute C. from polluting
答案：C 。
解题思路：此题考查stop…from doing sth.的用法，句意为“我们必须阻止工厂污染空气”，故选C。
［即学即练］
1. The dish smells bad and you’d better ______________.
A. try it out B. throw away it C. throw it away
2. He is too busy, let me go __________.
A. instead of B. instead C. rather than
3. The heavy rain stopped us _______________ the river.
A. to cross B. go across C. crossing
4. ____________, we should plant more trees.
A. Such as B. For example C. Like
5. 吸烟对身体有害。
Smoking _______________________ your health.
6. 锻炼对她的健康产生了很大的影响。
Exercise __________________________________ her health.
（三）重点句型
［句型学习］
1. It’s＋adj.＋to do sth.
【用法】“做某事是怎么样的”
此句型中动词不定式作主语，it作形式主语。
【例句】It’s easy to ride a bike.＝To ride a bike is easy.
如要表达“对于某人来说做某事怎么样”，可写为“It’s＋adj.＋for sb.＋to do sth.”。
【例句】It’s easy for me to ride a bike.
It’s important for us to learn English well.
【考查点】对此句型的运用。
【易错点】不理解动词不定式作主语，it作形式主语。
【考题链接】It’s not right ________________ rubbish in the street.
A. to throw awayB. throwing awayC. throw away
答案：A。
解题思路：此题考查It’s＋adj.＋to do sth.这个句型，句意为“在街上扔垃圾是不对的”,故选A。
2. 语法：前缀，后缀构词法
【用法】（一）常见的前缀形式：
1. re-表示“再”，如：reuse，recycle
2. in/ im- 表示“无，不”，如：incorrect，impossible
3. un-表示“无，不”，如：unhealthy，uncomfortable
4. dis-表示“不，无”，如：disappear，dislike
5. anti-表示“反对，防止”，如：anti-pollution，anti-war
（二）常见的后缀形式：
1. ?able表示“可能，易于，适合于”，构成形容词，如：eatable，comfortable，movable
2. ?ful 表示“充满……的，具有……性质的”，构成形容词，如：hopeful，useful，careful
3. ?less与?ful相反，表示“少的，不足的”， 构成形容词，如；hopeless，useless，careless
4. ?ment，构成名词，如：development，environment
【考查点】前缀，后缀构词法。
【易错点】不懂得前缀，后缀的意思及用法。
【考题链接】
Don’t use so much water. It’s very ________________.（waste)（用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空）
答案：wasteful。
解题思路：此题考查后缀构词法。句意为“不要用这么多水，这样很浪费”，因此，应用waste的形容词形式，故填写wasteful。
［即学即练］
1. Be _________________(care)when you cross the road.
2. It is ____________________(possible) for me to finish the work today. It’s too hard.
3. I don’t like travelling by bus, because it’s ___________________(comfortable).
4. If we don’t work hard, the future is ____________________(hope).
5. 对于学生来讲，有必要每天做作业。
It’s necessary _______________________________ homework every day.
预习导学
上册 Module 7 Australia
一、预习新知
重点单词：hand, sheep, similar
重点短语：have a look at, be similar to, keep doing sth.
重点句型：that引导的定语从句。
二、预习点拨
思考问题一：keep doing sth., keep sb. ding sth. 和 keep sb. from doing sth. 有何区别？
思考问题二：be used for, be used as, be used by, be used to do 以及be used to doing 怎么用？
思考问题三：other, another, the other, the others 与others 如何区分？
思考问题四：什么是定语从句？
同步练习
（答题时间：40分钟）
一、单项选择：
1. Don’t throw away your old clothes, it’s very _________.
A. useful B. wasteful C. wonderful
2. A china cup can be used again. It’s _____________.
A. reuse B. reusable C. useless
3. We should save energy, such as __________ the lights before leaving the classroom.
A. turn off B. turning off C. turning on
4. The heavy snow stopped us ________________ home.
A. going B. go C. to go
5. It will be ____________ a theory（理论）without practice.
A. useless to learn B. useful learning C. usefully to learn
6. Look at the heavy rain. Let’s watch TV at home ________________ going shopping.
A. rather than B. instead of C. instead
7. This bag is useful. Don’t _____________.
A. throw away it B. throw it away C. throw them away
8. The boy with_______ unusual face said that he had_________ useful machine at home.
A. an, an B. a, an C. an, a
9. The report is incomplete, ________________, it doesn’t include sales in France.
A. for example B. such as C. like
10. There are some ____________ between them, though they’re twins.
A. different B. difference C. differences
*二、完形填空：
I found a boy sitting down beside me on the seat and watching the cars go past. He had a little book and a pencil. When a car____ (1), he wrote something in the book. He didn’t take any_____ (2) of buses or vans, but only cars. Of course, it was none of my business, but I still wondered_____ (3) he was writing. I am very interested in jobs that some people have.
So after a few minutes I said, “You’re very interested in the cars. May I ask what you’re writing in your book?”
He answered, “I’m writing_____ (4) the numbers on the cars.”
“Oh I see. Is that your job, or are you just doing it for____ (5)? When I was your age, I collected train numbers…”
He laughed, “I have a better reason_____ (6) that,” He said. “You see, every car has its own number, and each number is different from____ (7). I discovered the fact five years ago, but it isn’t widely known. Well, I’m thinking of buying a car myself, and my number must be different from all the others,” he smiled then and quickly_____ (8) the number of a passing car. It was 68357. He said, “Can you answer an important question for me?”
“Yes, if I happen to know the answer. Please go ahead.”
“What’s the highest number a car can have in our country?”
I thought for a minute and then said, “I believe it will be 99999. Now new cars have numbers that______ (9) a 6, like that one.” I pointed to the 68357 in his book.
He looked thoughtfully. “I’ve got a long way_____ (10) then, if 99999 will be highest. I’ve got only forty?six thousand numbers so far. I’ve already finished three books and almost this one, but I still can’t find my number yet.”
1. A. passed byB. went upC. come overD. went away
2. A. looksB. lotsC. noticeD. care
3. A. thatB. whichC. whoD. what
4. A. onB. outC. downD. in
5 A. moneyB. playingC. practiceD. fun
6. A. toB. withC. ofD. than
7. A. othersB. the othersC. all othersD. each other
8. A. put downB. put upC. put offD. put on
9. A. begin withB. begins withC. beginning withD. begun with
10. A. goingB. walkingC. to goD. of going
**三、阅读理解：
(A)
This is News on the Hour, Ed Wilson reporting. The president and First Lady will visit Africa on a good will tour in May. They plan to visit eight African countries.
Reports from China say the Chinese want closer ties between China and the U.S. and Western Europe. A group of top Chinese scientists starts its ten-nation tour next month.
Here in Miami, the mayor is still meeting with the leader of the Teachers’ Union to try to find a way to end the strike. City schools are still closed after two weeks. In news about health, scientists in California report findings of a relationship between the drinking of coffee and the increase of heart diseases among women. According to the report in the American Medical Journal, the five-year study shows that: women who drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than women who do not.
In sports, the Chargers lost again last night. The BBS beat them 1 to nothing. The Wingers had better results. They beat the Rifles 7 to 3.It was their first win in their last five months.
That’s the news of the hour. And now back to more easy listening with Jan Singer.
1. To improve the ties between China and the U.S. and Western Europe .
A. some Chinese scientists will visit U.S. and Western Europe
B. China will send some scientist to visit the U.S. only
C. China has expressed its strong wishes.
D. China has given many reports to improve the ties
2. From the news in Miami we know .
A. peaceful way will soon be found
B. the teachers’ strike will last long
C. students can’t go to school with the classroom tightly closed
D. students haven’t been to school for two weeks
3. The news about health tells us that .
A. no one should drink more than two cups of coffee a day
B. women’s heart disease has a lot to do with their drinking coffee
C. no heart disease will be found if people don’t drink coffee
D. the more coffee people drink, the more chance they’ll get to have heart disease
4. From the last news we do NOT know .
A. the results of the two matches
B. the Wingers played the Rifles
C. the number of the teams which played last night
D. how many times the Wingers has lost in the past five months
5. The passage is probably from .
A. a radio station B. a magazine
C. a Medical Journal D. a newspaper
(B)
Alice always wanted to be a singer. Music was the most important thing in her life. She took lessons for years, practiced every day, but in spite of all the efforts she made, her voice didn’t improve. In fact, it didn’t get better, it just got louder.
Her teacher finally gave up and stopped the lessons, but Alice refused to give in, and one day she decided to give a concert and invited her teacher to attend.
The teacher was very worried about what to say after the concert. She knew it would be terrible and it was. She didn’t want to tell a lie, but she didn’t want to hurt Alice’s feelings either. Finally she got an idea and went backstage to greet her pupil.
“Well,” said Alice, “What do you think of my singing?”
“My dear,” said the teacher, “you’ll never be better than you were tonight.”
6. Alice wanted to be a singer because she .
A. was good at singing B. could do nothing but sing
C. had a good teacher D. was interested in music
7. Alice’s teacher stopped the lessons because .
A. Alice didn’t make any progress in singing
B. Alice’s voice became louder and louder
C. Alice didn’t work hard enough
D. Alice was too proud to listen to her
8. What made Alice decide to give a concert?
A. she wanted to prove that her teacher was wrong.
B. she wanted to please her teacher
C. she was sure that she could sing beautifully
D. she was encouraged to so
9. What is really mean by saying “you’ll never be better than you were tonight”?
A. You gave a wonderful concert tonight.
B. You won’t make any improvement in future.
C. You have never sung so well before
D. You did much better before than tonight
10. If Alice’s teacher had told a lie, she might have said .
A. “I don’t like the concert.” B. “You have made no progress.”
C. “The concert tonight is terrible.” D. “Your concert tonight is excellent.”
四、单词拼写：
（一）根据句意及首字母完成单词：
1. Now it gets warmer and warmer because the p______________ is getting more serious.
2. We should do something for e______________ protection, so that we can protect the earth.
3. It is h____________, although we do something to make it better.
4. We should r_____________ waste and save energy.
5. This is a s_________ question. I can answer it easily.
6. Do you know the d_____________ between the Internet and the World Wide Web?
7. We should buy p____________ made in China.
8. Don’t do h______________ to the environment.
9. It’s n_________________ to protect our earth right now.
10. W____________ you come here, I’ll invite you to my home.
（二）词形变化：
1. It’s ________________(possible) for me to work out the problem. It’s too hard.
2. I think you can work out the math problem ______________. (success)
3. Waste paper can be __________________(cycle).
4. Please give me the full _______________ (describe) of the accident.
5. As soon as they got to the railway station, it began to rain ______________. (heavy)
五、完成句子：
1. 必须采取措施阻止人们在这里游泳。
Something must be done to ____________________________________ here.
2. 保护环境是重要的。
___________________________________ protect the environment.
3. 我们的英语老师卧病在床，吴老师替她上课。
Our English teacher is ill at home, Mr Wu teaches us _________________ her.
4. 看太多电视对眼睛有害。
Watching TV too much _______________________ our eyes.
5. 气候对植物的生长产生重大影响。
The climate ________________________________ the growth of the plants.
**六、综合填空：
Robots are smart. With their computer brains, they help people work in d_______1_ places or do difficult jobs. Some robots do regular jobs. Bobby, the mail carrier, brings mail to a large o_______2_ building in Washington D.C. He is one of 250 mail carries in the United States.
Mr Leachim, who weighs two hundred pounds and is six feet t_______3_, has some advantages as a teacher. One is that he does not f_______4_ details. He knows each child’s name, the p_______5_ names and what each child knows and needs to know. In addition, he knows each child’s pets and hobbies. Mr Leachim does not m_______6_ mistakes. Each child goes and tells him or her name, then dials an identification number. His computer brain puts the child’s voice and number t_______7_. He identifies the child with n_______8_ mistakes. Then he starts the lesson. Another advantage is that Mr Leachim is flexible. If the child needs m_______9_ time to do their lessons they can move switches. In this way they can repeat Mr Leachim’s lesson over and over again. When the children do a good job, he tells them something i_______10 about their hobbies. At the end of the lesson the children switch Mr Leachim off.
试题答案
一、1. B 2. B 3. B 4. A
5. A 解析：此题考查It’s＋adj.＋to do sth.这个句型，这里用的是将来时态will be，句意为“学理论不结合实践将会没有用”。
6. B 解析：此题考查instead of 与rather than 的辨析，由于rather than连接的动词要与前面的单词形式一致，而前面的动词watch用的是原形，所以不可以选A；instead只能用于句末，所以选B。
7. B
8. C 解析：unusual是元音发音开头，所以用an，而useful是辅音发音开头，所以用a，故选C。
9. A 解析：此题中，后面举的例子是句子，而such as和like后要跟名词或动名词，故选A。
10. C 解析：some后跟名词，different是形容词，difference是可数名词，故选C。
二、1~5 ACDCD 6~10 DBAAC
三、(A) ADBDA (B) DACBD
四、（一）1. pollution 2. environmental 3. hopeless 4. reduce 5. simple 6. difference
7. products 8. harm 9. necessary 10. Whenever
（二）1. impossible 2. successfully 3. recycled 4. description 5. heavily
五、1. stop people (from) swimming 2. It’s important to 3. instead of 4. does harm to
5. makes a difference to
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