【单元目标】
1. 语音
掌握元音字母e及其字母组合ee,ea在单词中的读音
句子的重音
2. 单词和短语
food, drink, hungry, thirsty, water, eat, rice, bread, meat, tea, milk, glass, a glass of, would, I'd like =I would like, something, porridge, fish, dumpling, fruit, piece, a piece of, hamburger, noodle, potato chips, coke, coffee, madam, dear, ice cream, USA, different, vegetable, sometimes
3. 交际用语
It's time for…I'm hungry.
Have some water, please.
Would you like…?
What would you like?
I would like a glass of apple juice.
What about something to eat?
Can I help you, madam? Yes, I want some…
Do you have any ice cream?
4. 语法
可数名词和不可数名词
【重难点分析】
语音
1. 字母e的发音
⑴在开音节中,字母e的发音为[i:],如:
he she we these
⑵在闭音节中,字母e的发音为[e],如
bed ten them
2. 字母组合ee的发音,如:
ee i: see, jeep, green
3. 字母组合ea的发音,如:
⑴ea的发音可以为i:如
meat, please, read
⑵ea的发音还可以为e如:
bread, breakfast, head, heavy, sweater, healthy,
⑶注意:ea发音为e的单词较多且不好记,但是我们可以把这些单词按以上的顺序排列起来,按照中文意思编成一句话,"(只有)面包(当)早餐头重,(穿)毛衣(才)健康"这样就便于记忆了 。
4. 句子重音
⑴英语中,句子的逻辑重音一般落在名词,行为动词、形容词、副词、数词、指示代词,疑问代词上,而冠词、be动词、情态动词、连词、介词等不重读,这样读起来给人以抑扬顿挫的美感,并且重点突出。
⑵另作,英语语调有一定的规则,由此构成不同的调型,调型的运用部分取决于意群中重要词语的数量,部分取决于人讲话时的态度,从这个意义上讲,有时特殊问句不一定用降调,一般问句不一定总是用升调,例如What's your name, please?用升调讲,让听话者的心理上的觉得有礼貌,比用降调好;再如Is it fine today? 今天天气好不好,人所共知,实际上不是问题,这样说是一种习惯,为进一步交流开了头。
词汇
1. some 和any的用法
⑴Some和 any既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词。但有以下两点需要注意。
Some常用于肯定句中,any常用于否定句和疑问句中。如:
There is some water in the glass.
Is there any water in the glass?
There isn't any water in the glass.
⑵在说话者希望得到肯定答复的一般疑问句中,或在表示请求,邀请的疑问句中,我们依然用some。如:
Would you like some tea?
2. like
⑴作为动词意为"喜欢",后面可接名词、不定式或动词的现在分词形式(即:动词-ing形式)。例如:
① We like English very much.
我们非常喜欢英语。
② I like to play with the children.
我喜欢和孩子们一起玩儿。
③ I like singing, but I don't like dancing.
我喜欢唱歌,但是我不喜欢跳舞。
⑵在短语look like 和be like中的like是介词,意为"像"。例如:
① This hat looks like a cat. 这顶帽子看起来像只猫。
② Lin Tao looks like his brother. 林涛看起来像他的兄弟。
句型
1. It's time for supper. 到了该吃晚饭的时候了。/晚饭时间到了。
⑴It's time for + 名词,表示"到了……的时候了。"for是介词,其后面要跟名词或相当于名词的词组等。例如:
It's time for breakfast.
到了该吃早饭的时候了。
It's time for watching TV.
到了该看电视的时候了。
⑵有时for…短语还可用动词不定式来代替,而本意不变。例如:
It's time to go to school.
该上学了。也可写成It's time for school.
⑶在It's time to do sth. 这一句型中,不定式之前有时还可以用for sb.,用做不定式的逻辑主语。例如:
It's time for you to have a rest.
你们该休息一会儿了。
It's time for him to see the doctor.
他该去看医生了。
2. Would you like some bread? 你想要些面包吗?
(1)would like 主要用来婉转地提出请求、建议或某种看法,在意义上相当于want,但语气上要比want 委婉,常用于口语之中,后面可接表示事物的名词,表示想要什么。以would like引起的疑问句一般有肯定回答:Yes, please.和否定回答,No, thanks. 例如:
---Would you like a cup of tea? 你想要一杯茶吗?
--- No, thanks. 不,谢谢。
⑵would like后还可接不定式,构成短语would like to do sth. "想要做某事"或would like sb. to do sth. "想要某人做某事"。例如:
Would you like to come for supper?
你愿意来吃晚饭吗?
What would you like me to do?
你想要我做什么?
⑶在陈述句中would like可与前面的主语缩写成I'd like…, You'd like…, We'd like…等。当主语为第一人称时也可以用I should like…
3. What about something to eat? 吃点什么东西怎么样?
句中的动词不定式"to eat"在这儿作定语,修饰前面的不定代词something. 例如:
What about something to drink?
来点喝的东西怎么样?
Would you like something to read?
你想看些书报吗?
4. We'd like a bottle of apple juice, a glass of orange juice and four cakes, please.
我们想要一瓶苹果汁,一杯桔汁和四块蛋糕。
在英语中,两个并列成分一般要用连词and来连接,三个或三个以上的并列成分,一般在最后一个并列成分前用and。例如:
We have a bird, a dog and a cat.
我们家里有一只鸟,一条狗和一只猫。
There are four people in my family. They are my father, mother, sister and I.
我们家有四口人,他们是我的爸爸、妈妈、姐姐和我。
5. What does he have for breakfast? 他早餐吃什么?
does在这儿是助动词,本身无词意。由于这一特殊疑问句的主语he是第三人称单数形式,所以助动词要与人称保持一致。(does是do的第三人称单数形式。)在疑问句和否定句中,有了助动词do或does,行为动词要用原形,例如:
Does your mother have lunch at home?
你妈妈在家吃午饭吗?
They don't have meat for supper.
他们晚饭不吃肉。
6. There be 结构与have的用法。
(1) There be "有",其确切含意为"某处或某时存在某人或某物。"其结构是:There be + 某人或某物 + 表示地点或时间的状语。There be 后面的名词实际上是主语,be 动词的形式要和主语在数上保持一致,be动词后面的名词是单数或不可数名词时用is,名词是复数时用are。例如:
① There is a big bottle of coke on the table. 桌上有一大瓶子可乐。
② There is some rice in the bag. 那个袋子里有些大米。
③ There are many apples on the tree. 那树上有许多苹果。
⑵There be 的否定式为There isn't或There aren't,疑问是将be动词放在there 之前,句尾加问号,简略回答是Yes, there is/are. No, there isn't/aren't. 例如:
① ---Is there any water in the bottle?
--- Yes, there is. / No, there isn't.
那个瓶子里有水吗?是的,有。/不,没有。
② --- Are there any students in the classroom?
--- Yes, there are. / No, there aren't.
教室里有学生吗?是的,有。/不,没有。
⑶There is 可以缩写为There's, There are 可缩写为There're。 在句中be动词的后面如果有两个并列主语时,be的形式取决于紧挨着be的主语来定,若主语是单数用is, 若是复数则用are. 例如:
① There're two children and a woman in the room.
房间里有两个孩子和一位妇女。
② There's a ruler and two pens in the box.
盒子里有一把尺子和两支钢笔。
总之,There be结构强调的是一种客观存在的"有"。
⑷have表示"拥有,占有,具有",即:某人有某物(sb. have / has sth.)。主语一般是名词或代词,与主语是所属关系。例如:
① I have two brothers and one sister.
我有两个兄弟,一个姐姐。
② That house has four rooms.
那所房子有四个房间。
7. How many …are there…句型。
? how many 多少,后面要跟可数名词复数形式。因为how many只对可数名词复数提问,所以动词be必须用are。
例如:
?How many photos can you see on the wall of the room?
你在房间的墙上能看见多少张照片?
? How many bottles of water are there in the box?
箱子里有多少瓶水?
语法
1. 可数名词与不可数名词。
⑴英语中名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。凡是可以计数的名词叫可数名词,凡是不可以计数的名词叫不可数名词。可数名词有单复数两种形式,单数可数名词前可用不定冠词a / an 来修饰。复数可数名词前可用some, any, many及数词(one除外)等来修饰。如:
a girl, an orange, some books, many boats, seven pieces
⑵不可数名词一般只有单数,没有复数形式。前面可用some, any, much等来修饰,如:
some juice, much milk
⑶不可数名词前不能用不定冠词a, an, 数词及many来修饰。不可数名词表示数量时可用a cup / glass / bottle / piece / bag of…之类的短语,这些表示量的名词一般是可数的,有单复数形式,例如:
a cup of water 一杯水
a bottle of milk 一瓶牛奶
two glasses of tea 两杯茶
six pieces of paper 六张纸
⑷有些名词既能做可数名词,又能做不可数名词,但它们在意义上有很大的不同,例如:
可数名词 不可数名词
a glass 玻璃杯 glass 玻璃
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