AVOCADO 鳄梨(牛油果)
People who are sensitive to latex can also have an allergic reaction to avocado.
对乳胶敏感的人可能对鳄梨也会有过敏反应。
Latex comes from the sap of the rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis. A study of 137 patients with rubber latex allergy, published in the Journal of the American Dietetic Association, found that 21.1 percent were also allergic to particular foods, including banana (18.3 percent) and avocado (16.3 percent).
乳胶来自橡胶树的汁液。一项发表在《美国饮食协会学报》上的研究在调查了137位对胶乳过敏的患者后发现，21.1%的患者也对特定食物过敏，其中包括香蕉(18.3%)和鳄梨(16.3%)。
This is because some of the proteins in latex that cause allergic reactions are also present in these fruits.
这是因为乳胶中会导致过敏反应的一些蛋白质在这些水果中也存在。
The same cross-reactivity can happen with kiwi fruit, says Professor Jean Emberlin, scientific director of Allergy UK. ‘The proteins are very similar in both the latex and the fruit, so they can trigger similar reactions.’
英国过敏协会的科学主任琼·艾姆伯林教授说，猕猴桃也会产生同样的交叉过敏反应。“乳胶和猕猴桃中的蛋白质非常相似，所以会引发相似的过敏反应。”
Symptoms include tingling in the mouth, stuffy nose, itchy eyes, wheezing and, in rare cases, life-threatening anaphylaxis.
过敏症状包括口腔刺痛、鼻塞、眼睛痒、哮喘，在极少数情况下还可能引发致命的过敏性反应。
CHERRIES 樱桃
‘Cherry stones can be dangerous if chewed and then swallowed, as they contain a chemical compound based on the poison cyanide,’ says Dr Sanjay Prasad, a consultant cardiologist at the Royal Brompton Hospital in London.
伦敦皇家布朗普顿医院的心脏科顾问医师桑杰·普拉萨德说：“将樱桃核咀嚼后吞下会有危险，因为樱桃核含有一种本质为有毒氰化物的化合物。”
If the stone is ground down, say by chewing, then the compound amygdalin, a form of cyanide, is released.
如果樱桃核被嚼碎或碾碎，这种名为苦杏仁苷的化合物(一种氰化物)就会释放出来。
This can cause fever, headaches, falling blood pressure and, in extreme cases, can be fatal.
摄入这种化合物会导致发烧、头痛、血压下降，在极端情况下还可致命。
Research suggests the cyanide compound in cherries could be fatal in doses as small as 1.5 mg per kilogram of bodyweight, according to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).
根据欧洲食品安全局的数据，研究显示，樱桃中氰化物的摄入量只要达到每公斤体重1.5毫克，就会致命。
A single cherry yields roughly 170 mg of cyanide per gram of seed — which means ingesting one or two freshly crushed stones could be dangerous. Apricot kernels also contain high levels of amygdalin — eating more than three small, raw apricot kernels, or less than half of one large kernel, can be a serious health risk, says the EFSA.
每克樱桃核大约会产生170毫克的氰化物，这意味着吃下一两个刚碾碎的樱桃核就会很危险。据欧洲食品安全局称，苦杏仁也含有大量苦杏仁苷，吃下三个以上的生的小苦杏仁，或者不到半个大苦杏仁，就会对健康产生严重危害。
The chemical is also found in apple seeds — but you would have to eat two cups of ground seeds for it to be fatal.
苹果核中也含有这种化合物，不过要吃掉两杯碾碎的苹果核才会有生命危险。
GRAPEFRUIT 葡萄柚
If you’re taking statins, check with your doctor whether you can have grapefruit juice, says Dr Prasad. ‘Statins are broken down by an enzyme in the liver, CYP3A, which normally reduces the amount of drug that enters your bloodstream.’
普拉萨德医生说，如果你正在服用他汀类药物，和你的医生确认一下你能否喝葡萄柚汁。“肝脏中一种名为CYP3A的酶能分解他汀类药物，正常情况下会减少进入血流的药物量。”
But grapefruit contains compounds that affect the function of CYP3A and therefore increases the potency of the drug (because less is broken down).
但是葡萄柚所含的化合物会影响CYP3A的功能，从而增加药物的效力(因为被分解掉的药量变少了)。
BANANAS 香蕉
Avoid very large quantities of bananas if you’ve had kidney problems, as they contain the mineral potassium.
如果你有肾病，不要吃太多香蕉，因为它们含有矿物钾。
‘Kidneys regulate the amount of potassium in the body and if they’re functioning normally, they can control intake,’ explains Paul Cathcart, a consultant urological surgeon at Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospital in London.
伦敦盖伊和圣托马斯医院的泌尿外科顾问医师保罗·卡思卡特解释道：“肾能调节体内的钾含量，如果肾脏正常运转，就能控制人体吸收的钾。”
But kidneys that don’t function normally can allow potassium to build up, potentially triggering hyperkalemia, which causes nausea, a slower pulse and an irregular heartbeat.
但是，不能正常运转的肾脏会让钾不断累积，从而可能引发高钾血，导致恶心、脉搏变慢和心跳不齐等症状。
‘So if you have a renal impairment or have had kidney disease, you should have a lower potassium intake,’ says Mr Cathcart.
卡思卡特说：“所以，如果你有肾损伤或肾病，应该少摄入钾。”
Healthy adults need about 3,500mg of potassium a day, says dietitian Dr Sarah Schenker. The average banana contains between 400 mg and 450 mg, so you’d have to eat more than seven-and-a-half bananas to reach that level.
营养学家莎拉·申克尔博士说，健康的成人每天需要大约3500毫克钾。一根普通的香蕉含有400到450毫克的钾，所以你必须吃7根半香蕉才能达到这一水平。
BEETROOT 甜菜根
If you’ve had kidney stones, avoid beetroot, says Bhaskar Somani, a consultant urological surgeon and honorary senior lecturer in urology at University Hospital Southampton.
南安普顿大学医院泌尿外科顾问医师和荣誉高级讲师巴斯卡·索曼尼说，如果你有肾结石，就不要吃甜菜根。
‘Beetroot contains oxalates — substances that prevent calcium being absorbed.’
“甜菜根含有草酸——这种物质可以阻止钙被人体吸收。”
Most people’s bodies can break down and eliminate these substances via the kidney or colon. But in some people, oxalates can accumulate, leading to stones.
多数人的身体都可以通过肾脏或结肠来分解和消除这些物质。但对有些人而言，草酸则会在体内积聚，引发结石。
SPROUTS 豆芽菜
Sprouts should be avoided if you’re taking the anticoagulant drug warfarin, used to help prevent blood clots or to keep a clot from getting bigger, advises Yoon Loke, a professor of medicine and pharmacology at the University of East Anglia.
东安格利亚大学的医药学教授永恩·洛克建议，如果你正在服用抗凝血药物华法林，就不要吃豆芽菜。
‘This is because green, leafy vegetables such as sprouts and spinach are high in vitamin K, a nutrient needed to make clotting factors in the body — the opposite of what warfarin does, which is to thin the blood.
“这是因为豆芽菜和菠菜等绿叶蔬菜含有大量维生素K——一种凝血因子所需的营养物质——和华法林正相反，华法林会让血液变稀。”
‘So vitamin K inhibits the effects of warfarin.’
“所以维生素K会抑制华法林的药效。”
CABBAGE 卷心菜
Raw cabbage, along with cauliflower and kale, contains goitrogens — substances that can affect thyroid function by blocking production of the hormone thyroxine, says Dr Mark Vanderpump, a consultant endocrinologist at The Physicians’ Clinic in London.
伦敦内科医生诊所的内分泌科顾问医师马克·范德普说，生卷心菜和花椰菜、羽衣甘蓝一样含有致甲状腺肿因子，这种物质能通过阻止甲状腺激素的分泌影响甲状腺功能。
The hormone helps to absorb iodine, which is essential for normal thyroid function.
这种激素有助于吸收碘，而碘对于正常的甲状腺功能至关重要。
The effects are small, so cabbage is unlikely to cause problems in healthy people and those who are taking the drug levothyroxine for underactive thyroid.
由于作用比较小，所以卷心菜不太可能让健康的人和因甲状腺机能低下而服用左旋甲状腺素的人身体出问题。
‘But these vegetables may be an issue for those who have a low thyroid function but haven’t been diagnosed. Symptoms include tiredness and weight gain,’ says Dr Vanderpump.
范德普医生说：“但这些蔬菜对于那些甲状腺机能低下但还未被诊断出的患者可能是个问题。甲状腺机能低下的症状包括疲倦和增重。”
BROAD BEANS 蚕豆
Tyramine, found in foods including broad beans, chocolate and hard cheese, is an amino acid that helps regulate blood pressure.
蚕豆、巧克力和硬质奶酪等食物所含的酪胺是一种有助于调节血压的氨基酸。
However, if you take one of the older forms of antidepressant known as monoamine oxidase inhibitors, the drug can block the enzyme that breaks down excess tyramine.
但是，如果你服用比较老的抗抑郁药单胺氧化酶抑制剂，这种药物会阻断能分解过多酪胺的酶。
A build-up of tyramine can lead to critically high blood pressure, says Dr Prasad.
普拉萨德医生说，酪胺的累积可引发严重的高血压。
CRANBERRIES 蔓越橘
Cranberry juice contains salicylic acid, a key ingredient in aspirin, so reduce the amount you drink if you take aspirin regularly (it is often prescribed as a blood thinner for those who have had a heart attack), as this could thin the blood further.
蔓越橘汁含有水杨酸，这是阿司匹林中的关键成分，所以如果你定期服用阿司匹林(医生经常给发作过心脏病的人开阿司匹林，因为这能稀释血液)，就要少喝蔓越橘汁，否则会让血液进一步变稀。
‘Drinking more than three glasses of cranberry juice a day can increase the amount of salicylic acid in your body,’ says Professor Loke. ‘To be on the safe side, keep intake to less than this if you take aspirin regularly.’
洛克教授说：“每天喝超过三杯的蔓越橘汁会增加体内的水杨酸。如果你定期服用阿司匹林，安全起见，喝蔓越橘汁不要超过三杯。”
Salicylic acid could also potentially affect how you metabolise warfarin.
水杨酸还可能影响体内华法林的代谢。
本文来自：逍遥右脑记忆 http://www.jiyifa.net/chuzhong/1314750.html
相关阅读：7招教你做好笔记
闂傚倸鍊烽懗鍓佸垝椤栫偑鈧啴宕ㄧ€涙ê浜辨繝鐢靛Т閸婂绱撳鑸电厱妞ゆ劑鍊曢弸鏃堟煟濠靛棛鍩ｉ柡宀嬬到铻栭柍褜鍓熼幃褎绻濋崶椋庣◤闂佸搫绋侀崢浠嬫偂閵夛妇绠鹃柟瀵稿仧閹冲懏銇勯敐鍛骇缂佺粯绻堥崺鈧い鎺嶇椤曢亶鏌℃径瀣仸妞ゃ儲绻堝娲箹閻愭彃濡ч梺鍛婂姀閺呮粌鈻撴禒瀣拺閻犲洤寮堕幑锝夋煙閾忣偅灏柨鏇樺灲閺屽棗顓奸崨顔锯偓顒勬煛婢跺﹦澧戦柛鏂块叄閵嗗懘寮婚妷锔惧幍闂佺粯鍨惰摫缁炬崘宕电槐鎺楊敊閼恒儱鏆楃紓浣介哺閹瑰洤鐣峰鈧崺鈩冩媴鏉炵増鍋呴梻鍌欐祰濡椼劑姊藉澶婄９婵犻潧顑囧畵渚€鎮楅敐搴℃灍闁稿浜濋妵鍕冀閵娧屾殹濡炪倖鏌ㄥú顓烆潖濞差亜宸濆┑鐘插閸ｎ參姊洪幖鐐插闁稿鍔曢埥澶愭偨缁嬭法鍔﹀銈嗗笒鐎氼參鎮￠悢鍛婂弿婵☆垳鍘х敮鑸电箾閸涱喚鎳呯紒杈ㄥ笚濞煎繘濡歌閻ｅジ姊鸿ぐ鎺濇濠电偐鍋撴繝纰夌磿閸忔﹢寮崒鐐村仼閻忕偟枪娴滅偓銇勯弴妤€浜鹃梺璇″枛閸㈡煡鍩㈡惔銈囩杸闁圭虎鍨版禍鎯р攽閻樺疇澹樼痪鎯ь煼閺屻劌鈹戦崱姗嗘￥濡炪倐鏅濋崗姗€寮诲☉妯锋闁告鍋涢～鈺呮⒑鏉炴媽顔夐柡鍛█楠炲啰鎹勭悰鈩冾潔闂佸搫璇為崘鍓р偓杈╃磽閸屾艾鈧摜绮旈棃娴虫盯宕橀鑲╃枃闂佽宕橀褍顔忓┑鍥ヤ簻闁哄啫娲よ闁诲孩淇哄▍鏇犳崲濞戞埃鍋撳☉娆嬬細闁活厼顑呴湁婵犲ň鍋撶紒顔界懇瀹曟椽鍩€椤掍降浜滈柟鍝勬娴滈箖姊虹粙鍖″姛闁硅櫕鎹囬弫鍐閵堝懐顓煎銈嗘⒐閸庡啿鐣烽妷銉㈡斀闁绘劕寮堕ˉ婊勭箾鐎电ǹ鍘撮柟顖氳嫰閻ｆ繈宕熼鍌氬箥缂傚倸鍊烽悞锕傛晪婵犳鍠栭崯鎵閹烘梹宕夐柧蹇涒偓娑氶┏缂傚倷绀侀惌鍌涚閸洖鏄ラ柛鏇ㄥ灠缁€鍐喐韫囨洜鐭嗛柍褜鍓熷铏规嫚閹绘帩鍔夌紓浣割儐鐢繝寮€ｎ喗鈷戠紒瀣儥閸庡繒绱掓径濠傤暢闁告帗甯掗～婵嬵敄閻愬瓨銇濇い銏℃瀹曨亪宕橀鍕劒闂傚倸鍊风粈渚€骞栭锔藉亱闁糕剝鐟ч惌鎾绘倵濞戞鎴﹀矗韫囨稒鐓熼柡鍌氱仢閹垿鏌￠崪浣稿⒋闁诡喗锕㈤幃娆戞崉鏉炵増鐫忛梻浣藉吹閸犳劗鎹㈤崼銉ヨ摕闁绘梻鍘ч崙鐘炽亜閹扳晛鐏╁┑顔芥礀閳规垿鎮╅顫濠电偞鎸婚崺鍐磻閹炬惌娈介柣鎰皺鏁堥梺绯曟杹閸嬫挸顪冮妶鍡楃瑨閻庢凹鍓涢埀顒佽壘椤︻垶鈥︾捄銊﹀磯濞撴凹鍨伴崜杈╃磽閸屾氨袦闁稿鎹囧缁樻媴閻熼偊鍤嬬紓浣割儐閸ㄥ墎缂撴禒瀣睄闁稿本绮庨悾鑸电節閵忥絽鐓愰柛鏃€娲滅划濠氬Ψ閳哄倻鍘电紓浣割儏濞硷繝顢撳Δ浣典簻閹兼番鍨哄畷宀勬煛瀹€瀣М闁糕晪绻濆畷妤呮晝閳ь剛绱炴繝鍌滄殾闁挎繂鐗滃Σ濠氭⒑瀹曞洨甯涙俊顐㈠暙椤曪綁骞橀钘夆偓鐑芥煕韫囨挻鎲搁柣顓燁殜濮婃椽鎳￠妶鍛咃綁鏌涢弬鐐叉噹缁躲倕鈹戦崒婧撳湱绮婚弻銉︾厪闊洤顑呴埀顒佹礉缁绘岸姊绘担鍛靛綊寮甸鍕闁荤喐鍣村ú顏勎у璺侯儑閸樺崬鈹戦悙鍙夘棡闁告梹娲熼幃姗€鍩￠崒銈嗩啍闂佺粯鍔曞鍫曞窗濡皷鍋撳▓鍨灓闁轰礁顭烽妴浣肝旈崨顓狅紲濠电姴锕ら崯鎶筋敊婢舵劖鈷掑ù锝呮啞閹牓鏌ｅΔ鈧Λ婵婃闂佽顔栭崰姘舵儗閹剧粯鐓曢柨鏃囶嚙楠炴劙鏌涚€ｎ偅灏い顐ｇ箞椤㈡鎷呯憴鍕伆婵犵數濮撮惀澶愬Χ閸曨偅鍎撻梻浣筋嚃閸ｎ噣宕抽敐澶堚偓浣肝熺悰鈩冩杸闁诲函缍嗛崑鍛存偩閸洘鈷掑ù锝呮啞閹牊銇勮閸嬫捇姊洪悷鏉挎闁瑰嚖鎷�/闂傚倷绀侀幖顐λ囬锕€鐤炬繝濠傛噺瀹曟煡鏌涢幇鍏哥凹闁稿繑绮撻弻銈囩矙鐠恒劋绮垫繛瀛樺殠閸婃牜鎹㈠┑瀣棃婵炴垶甯炲﹢鍛攽閻愭彃鎮戦柛鏃€鐟╁濠氭晲婢跺á鈺呮煏婢跺牆鍔村ù鐘层偢濮婃椽宕妷銉ょ捕濡炪倖娲﹂崣鍐春閳ь剚銇勯幒鍡椾壕濠电姭鍋撻柛妤冨亹閺嬪秹鏌曡箛瀣仾妞ゎ偅娲樼换婵嬫濞戞艾顤€闁诲孩纰嶅銊╁焵椤掑倹鍤€閻庢凹鍘奸…鍨熼悡搴ｇ瓘濠电偛妯婃禍婵嬪煕閹寸偑浜滈柟鏉垮绾捐法绱掗幇顓燁棃闁哄本绋撻埀顒婄秵閸嬪棙鏅堕鍌滅＜闁稿本绋戝ù顔筋殽閻愬弶顥㈢€殿喖鐖奸獮鎰償椤斿吋娅� 4509422@qq.com 濠电姷鏁搁崑鐐哄垂閸洖绠板Δ锝呭暙绾惧鏌熼幆褏鎽犻柛娆忕箻閺屾洟宕煎┑鎰ч梺鍝勬媼閸撶喖骞冨鈧幃娆戞崉鏉炵増鐫忔俊鐐€曠换妤佺椤掑倹顫曢柟鎯х摠婵挳鏌涘┑鍕姢妞ゆ柨顦靛铏圭磼濡粯鍎撶紓浣介哺濞茬喖宕洪埀顒併亜閹哄棗浜惧┑鐘亾闂侇剙绉寸壕鍧楁煙鐎电ǹ校妞ゎ偅娲樼换婵嬫濞戝崬鍓伴柣搴㈣壘椤︿即濡甸崟顖氱闁瑰瓨绺鹃崑鎾诲及韫囧姹楅梺鍝勮閸庢煡宕愰崼鏇犲彄闁搞儯鍔嶇亸鐗堛亜閵壯冣枅闁哄矉绲介埞鎴﹀炊閳哄倸鍨遍柣搴ゎ潐濞叉ê顫濋妸鈺佺闁绘ǹ顕х粻鐢告煙閻戞ɑ鐓ｉ柟顕嗙秮濮婂宕掑顑藉亾閸濄儮鍋撳銉ュ鐎规洘鍔欓獮瀣晝閳ь剟鎮為崹顐犱簻闁圭儤鍩婇弨濠氭倵濮樼偓瀚�