1. balance
n. 天平；平衡；结余，余额
v.平衡；权衡
Can you balance yourself on skates?
你穿冰鞋能保持平衡吗?
If you earn ￡100 and spend ￡60，your balance is ￡40.
如果你挣100英镑，花60英镑，那么你就会结余40英镑。
You have to balance the advantages of living in the country against the disadvantages.
你得权衡一下住在乡下的好处和坏处。
常用结构:
keep a balanced diet 保持饮食平衡
要点突破
精讲精析
keep one?s balance 保持平衡
lose one?s balance 失去平衡
out of balance 不平衡
a sense of balance 平衡感
bank balance 银行余额
blance of trade贸易差额
keep balance of nature保持生态平衡
The two trucks had wheels out of balance on delivery.
这两部卡车在交货时车轮失去了平衡。
The boy has a lot of disadvantages, but on balance I think he is still a good boy.
这个男孩有很多缺点，但全面考虑，我认为他仍然是好孩子。
联想拓展
balanced adj. 合理的；收支平衡的；镇静的
balanced diet 均衡饮食
a balanced judgement 公平的判决
高手过招
单项填空
In education there should be a good among the branches of knowledge that contribute to effective thinking and wise judgment.(2009?12?江西玉山检测)
A.distribution B.balance
C.combination D.assignment
解析:选B。balance平衡；distribution分发,分配,散布,分布；combination结合,联合；assignment分配，功课，任务，被指定的（课外）作业；（分派的）任务，委派。根据句意，选B。
2. lie
vi.& n.说谎；谎话，谎言(lied，lied，lying)
vi.躺，卧；处于(某一位置)，在于……(lay，lain，lying)
常用结构:
tell a lie／tell lies to sb. 对某人说谎
a white lie 善意的谎言
lie to sb. 向某人说谎
lie in 在于；处于……状态
there lies ... 某地有……
lie on one?s back/side/stomach仰卧/侧卧/俯卧
It’s no wonder that she lied to the court.
难怪她对法庭撒了谎。
West of the lake lies the famous city.
那个著名的城市坐落在湖的西面。
You are lying but lies can not cover up facts.
你在说谎，但谎言掩盖不了事实。
I’d rather use my money than leave it lying in the bank.
我宁愿把钱花掉也不愿搁在银行里不用。
联想拓展
lay vt. 放；搁；下(蛋)；产(卵)(laid，laid，laying)
高手过招
单项填空
There was an oil painting in the corner. It there for several days. （原创）
A. laying; had laid B. lain; had laid
C. lying; had lain D. laid; had been lain
解析:选C。第一空是“处于/在于……”的现在分词，第二空是其过去完成时。
3. amount
n. 数量
vi. 合计，总计达；相当于，等同于
常用结构:
amount to 总共达；相当于；等于
an amount of ... 大量的……
the amount of ... ……的数量
Planning without any real action amounts to nothing.
只计划不行动等于什么都不做。
The total cost of repairs amounted to $100.
修理费用总计达100美元。
联想拓展
表示数量的短语及用法：
a great deal of，a large／small／huge amount of+不可数名词(作主语时，谓语用单数形式)
large／vast amounts of+不可数名词(作主语，谓语用复数形式)
many，a good／great many，a number of，large numbers of，a few，dozens of，scores of+可数名词复数(作主语，谓语用复数形式)
plenty of, a lot of+可数名词复数(作主语，谓语用复数形式)；也可接不可数名词(作主语，谓语用单数形式）
a large quantity of+名词，large quantities of+名词（作主语，谓语与quantity一致）
I need a large amount of money to buy a new house.
我买新房需要一大笔钱。
高手过招
单项填空
Because of mail we receive，we may not be able to reply to your letter.Please remember to include your full name with your letter. (2009?12?江西师大附中检测)
A. a great many of B. a large number of
C. a large amount of D. a great plenty of
解析:选C。mail邮件，不可数名词。故用a large amount of。
4. curiosity
n. 好奇心
Children have a natural curiosity about the world around them.
小孩子对他们周围的世界有着天生的好奇心。
I opened the packet just to satisfy my curiosity.
我打开包裹只是为了满足我的好奇心。
常用结构:
out of curiosity 出于好奇
with curiosity = curiously好奇地
联想拓展
curious adj. 好奇的
curiously adv. 好奇地
be curious about sth. 对某事好奇
be curious to do sth. 好奇地做某事
高手过招
完成句子（原创）
①Margaret looked at him (好奇地).
②She decided to try a cigarette (出于好奇).
③All the employees in this firm (好奇) the personal life of the general manager.
④ (奇怪的是) enough, he had never seen the little girl.
1.(好奇心) drove Mary to open her husband’s letter though she knew it was wrong.
答案 : ①with curiosity②out of curiosity
③are curious about④Curiously⑤Curiosity
5. benefit
vt. 有利，有益
n. 好处；利益；优势
常用结构:
benefit from/by... 从……受益，得益于……
benefit sb. 对某人有益
be of (much, great)benefit to sb. =be beneficial to sb.
对某人有益处
be of no benefit to sb. 对某人没有益处
for the benefit of ...为了……的利益
I have benefited a lot from extensive reading.
广泛的阅读使我受益匪浅。
It is said Yoga is of great benefit to human health.
据说瑜伽对人体健康有很大好处。
易混辨析
benefit/interest/profit/advantage
benefit为普通用词，指通过正当手段从物质或精神方面得到的任何好处或利益。它的复数形式benefits意为“救济金”。
interest作“利益”讲时，多用复数形式，既可指集团、群体的利益，又可指个人的利益。interest作不可数名词时，意为“利息”。
profit着重指收益，尤指从物质、钱财等方面获得的利润。
advantage指因某方面占优势或利用某机会以及对方弱点而获得的利益与好处。
高手过招
单项填空
①We should spend the money on something that will
everyone. (2009?12?福建福州检测)
A. benefitB. benefit from
C. beneficialD. benefit to
②Never forget we receive from our parents.
(2009?12?福建龙岩检测)
A. the benefit B. the benefits
C. beneficial D. to benefit
②Never forget we receive from our parents.
(2009?12?福建龙岩检测)
A. the benefit B. the benefits
C. Beneficial D. to benefit
解析: ①选A。此处需要用动词作谓语，benefit 可作及物动词，意为“对……有益”。
②选B。句意为：永远不要忘记我们从父母那儿得到的恩惠。benefit意为“具体的好处”时是可数名词，可用复数形式。
6. combine
vt.&vi. (使)联合；（使）结合
常用结构:
combine into ... 联合成……
combine ...with ...把……与……结合起来
We consider it is necessary to combine theory with practice.
我们认为理论联系实际是必要的。
Hydrogen combines with oxygen to form water.
氢与氧化合生成水。
The pursuit of knowledge should be combined with wisdom.
知识的追求应与智慧相结合。
联想拓展
combination n.结合；联合；化合（物）
a combination of ...一种……的结合（物）
in combination with与……联合起来
易混辨析
join/combine/unite/connect
join侧重把原来不相连接的事物紧密地连接在一起，但仍可再分开。也指把分散的人或几个部分的人联合起来，或加入到某团体中去。常见结构：join up联合起来；join ...to/and ...连接。
combine指两个或两个以上的人或物结合在一起。常见结构：combine with与……结合。
unite指联合、结合在一起，构成一个整体。
connect 指两事物在某一点相连接，但彼此又保持独立。常见结构：connect ...to/with与……相连；be connected with与……有关系。
高手过招
单项填空
①The two parties have to form a new government. (2009?12?福建厦门检测)
A. Mixed B. combined C. joined D. formed
② Chinese traditional medicine with western medicine. (2009?12?江苏如东检测)
A. Link B. Connect
C. Combine D. Join
解析: ①选B。句意为：那两个党派合并组成了一个新政府。combine 指原来性质或成分不同的东西合并成一体。
②选C。句意为：把中药与西药结合起来。combine ...with ...把……与……结合起来。
7. limit
vt. 限制；限定
n. 界限；限度
联想拓展
limited adj. 有限的
limitless adj. 无限制的
The speed limit on this road is 70 mph.
这条道路的车速限制是每小时70英里。
We must try and limit our expenditure.
我们必须设法限制我们的开支。
常用结构：
limit sb./sth. to ...限制某人/某事到（某种程度）
put a limit on ... 对……限制
there is a limit to ...对……是有限的
without limit 无限地，无限制地
高手过招
用limit相关短语的适当形式填空
①One’s energy is .
② (没有止境) what you can do if you try.
③He must our weekly expenditure ten pounds.
答案：①limited②There?s no limit to③limit; to
重点短语
8. get away with
被放过；（做坏事）不受惩罚
If you cheat in the exam, you’ll never get away with it.
考试作弊必予追究。
I won’t have you getting away with cheating in the exam.
我不能容忍你考试作弊而不受惩罚。
联想拓展
get across=put across (使)被理解；(把……)讲清楚
get rid of 摆脱；除掉
get away (from) (从)……脱离，逃脱……
get down to (doing)sth. 开始认真地做某事
get in 插话；收获
get in touch with 与……取得联系
get into the habit of... 染上……的习惯
get into trouble 陷入困境
get out (of ...) 出去，离开，逃脱，摆脱
get hold of 抓住
get on/along well with...与……相处得好；
进展顺利(多用进行时)
get over 爬过……；克服(困难)；从……中恢复过来
get through 完成；花光(时间、金钱等)；通过；接通电话
He’s not very good at getting his ideas across.
他不太善于清楚地表达自己的思想。
We should get rid of the bad style and keep the good.
我们应该摒弃不良作风，保持优良作风。
高手过招
(1)单项填空
?You?re coughing badly, Martin. Why not give up smoking?
?Give up smoking? Easier said than done, Amy. Once
you the habit of smoking, it is very hard for you to
. (2009?12?江苏启东检测)
A. keep up; break it away B. take up; drop it out
C. pick up; get rid of it D. build up; do away with it
(2)完成句子（原创）
①To my surprise, the baby wolf (与……相处得不错) the dogs and then managed to survive.
②She never arrives on time at the office, but she somehow managed to (侥幸逃脱) it.
③Well, stop chatting. It’s time we (开始，着手) some serious work.
④The news was a terrible blow to her, but she will
(从……恢复过来) the shock soon.
解析: (1)选C。考查动词短语辨析。keep up保持,继续,维持；break away脱开；离开；逃脱；take up拿起；开始；从事；吸取；接纳；drop out退出,退学；pick up捡起,拾起；get rid of摆脱；除掉；build up逐步建立；do away with废除,去掉。
(2)①got on well with②get away with
③got down to④get over
9. take off
从……中去掉；脱掉（衣服）；起飞；突然大受欢迎，迅速流行
Her singing career took off after her TV appearance.
她在电视上亮相后歌唱事业迅速发展。
Don?t take off your sweater. It?s cold here.
别脱掉毛衣，这儿冷。
联想拓展
take away 拿走，消除(感情，痛苦等）
take after（相貌、体格、性情等）像（父、母等）
take back 收回
take down 拿下；记下；拆除
take in 欺骗；吸收；理解
take it easy 不紧张，不急
take on 呈现，具有(特征、外观等）；雇用
take out 拿出，取出；去掉
take over 接收，接管
take up 拿起；开始（从事）；继续；占据（时/空间）
take apart 拆开（机器等）
take for 认为，以为；误以为
Take away my good name, take away my life.
(谚)美名失去，生命不存。
Don?t be taken in by his charm-he is ruthless.
不要被他迷人的风度所蒙蔽，其实他冷酷无情。
高手过招
用适当的介词或副词填空（原创）
①I want to take the book which you showed me yesterday.
②It’s sad to see the old museum being taken to make way for a new shopping center.
③She took the narrative(叙事,故事)where John had left off.
④My daughter does not take me in any way.
⑤When she fell ill her daughter took the business from her.
答案：①away②down③up④after⑤over
10. in debt
欠债；欠人情
She was in debt when she was poor, but has been out of debt since she got rich.
以前穷的时候她欠了债，可自从富了以后就不欠债了。
联想拓展
out of debt不欠债
in trouble处在困境中
in charge 管理；负责
in detail 详细地
in fact 事实上
in love 相爱
in need需要
in surprise惊奇地
in touch 保持联系
in danger处在危险之中
in common共有；共同
in general通常；一般地说
in line 站队
in mind 意欲；心想
in order 有秩序地
in tears 在哭泣
in public公开地；当众
高手过招
单项填空
I’ll always be to you for your help. (2009?12?江苏扬州检测)
1.in debt B. debt C. running into debt D. debts
解析:选A。句意为：由于你的帮助，我总是欠你的。
11. before long
不久以后
The dictionary will be published before long.
不久以后这本词典将被出版。
联想拓展
long before 很久以前
long ago 很久以前
高手过招
完成句子
①That happened (很久以前).
②I have seen that film (很久以前).
③His plan seemed to be too difficult, but (不久以后) it proved to be practicable.
答案：①long ago②long before③before long
12. cut down
削减；删节；砍伐
cut off 剪下来；切断；使突然中断
cut out 切去；省略；停止（做某事）
cut up=cut into pieces 切碎；剪碎
cut through 穿过；穿透
cut in 插入；插嘴；超车抢道
高手过招
用cut相关短语的适当形式填空
①Her little finger was in an accident at the factory.
②She the advertisement of the newspaper.
③He the park and reached there in time.
④I haven’t given up drinking but I’m .
⑤I’m sorry to on your conversation.
⑥You nearly caused a crash by (on me) like that.
答案:①cut off②cut; out③cut through
④cutting down⑤cut in⑥cutting in
重点句型
13. “Nothing could be better, ” he thought.
他想：“再没有比这些更好吃的了。”
句中形容词（或副词）的比较级better与否定词nothing 连用，表达最高级的含义。常用的否定词有no, not, never, nothing, nobody, hardly等，表示最高级的含义。
?Did you sleep well last night? 你昨夜睡得好吗？
?Never better, like a rock. 从没这么好过，睡得很沉。
I think nothing is more pleasant than travelling.
我想没有比旅行更令人愉快的事了。
I can’t think of a better idea.我想不出一个更好的方法。
高手过招
单项填空
Your story is perfect. I’ve never heard before.
(2009?12?江苏南京检测)
A. the better one B. the best one
C. a better one D. a good one
解析:选C。比较级与nothing, nobody, never等否定词连用时，实际上表示最高级的意义，意为“再……也不过了；没有比……更……的了”。句中的比较对象是一个尚未出现的新人或新事物，故用不定冠词a/an修饰。
14. Something terrible must have happened if Li Chang was not coming to eat in his restaurant as he always did.
要是李昌不像往常那样到他店里吃饭，那问题一定严重了。
情态动词+have done
①情态动词must +have done只用于肯定句中，表示对过去发生的事情或状态进行肯定的推测，意为“过去一定做过某事”。
②情态动词can/could可用于否定句中，即can’t have done /couldn’t have done，表示对过去发生的事情或状态的肯定的推测，意为“过去不可能做过，肯定没做过某事”。
③此外，can/could have done还可用于疑问句中表示对过去发生的事情或状态的不太有把握的推测，意为“过去可能做过……吗?”
注意：表推测的情态动词只有can/could，常用于疑问句中。
④情态动词may/might +have done表示对已发生的动作或存在的状态进行不肯定的推测，might语气稍弱一点儿，只能用于肯定句和否定句中，意为“过去可能做过某事或过去可能没做过某事”。
It must have rained last night, for the road is wet.
昨天晚上一定是下雨了，因为路还湿着。
You must have seen the film the Gold Rush.
你肯定看过电影《淘金热》。
My sister met him at the theatre last night, so he couldn’t have attended your lecture.
我姐姐昨天晚上在电影院遇见了他，所以他肯定没参加你的演讲。
I can’t find Tom anywhere in the office building. Where can he have gone?
我在办公楼的任何地方都找不到汤姆。他有可能去哪里了呢？
You might have read about it in the papers.
你可能在报上已经看过这个消息了。
高手过招
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空（原创）
①?Where Margaret (can; put) the empty bottles?
?She (can; throw) them away. They must be somewhere.
②?Hurry up, Michael! It’s ten to three.
?Goodness me! The class (must; begin).
I’ll be late again.
答案:①can; have put; can?t have thrown ②must have begun
15. He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies! 他可不能让永慧哄骗人们后跑掉。
have sb./sth. doing sth.让某人/某事一直做某事，表示一个持续的动作。用于否定句中表示不允许某人做某事。
He had me waiting for him for two hours. I can’t bear it any more!
他让我等了两个小时，我再也无法忍受了！
It’s rude of you to speak to father like that and I won’t have you speaking to father like that in future.
你那样跟父亲说话很粗鲁，今后我不会再容忍你那样跟父亲说话了。
Won’t have sb./sth. doing sth.不能容忍某人做某事/容忍某物
have sb./sth. do sth. 使某人或某物做某事(注意不要在do之前加上to)
have sb./sth. done sth. 请别人做某事(自己不去做或无法做); (主语)遭受了不好的事情
I’d have you know that I am ill.我要让你知道我病了。
Jack must have his motorbike repaired.
杰克必须把他的摩托车修理一下。
高手过招
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空（原创）
①To my despair, the doctor me (have; wait) in the room for the whole afternoon.
②I my watch (have; repair) because it didn’t work.
③I can’ t him (have; make) noise all the time.
④Yesterday Mum Tim (have; tidy) his room since it was in a mess.
⑤The woman her handbag (have; rob) yesterday.
答案:①had; waiting②had; repaired
③have;making④had; tidy⑤had; robbed
16. I thought you were a new customer and now I know that you only came to spy on me and my menu, ...
我本来以为你是一位新顾客，现在我才发现你只是过来打探我和我的菜谱的……
I thought/I didn’t know/I didn’t think表明说话人以前的想法，宾语从句随之用过去时或过去将来时。
I never thought you would come to see me and bring me such a wonderful gift.
我根本没想到你会来看我并给我带来如此好的礼物。
高手过招
单项填空
Oh, it’s you. I you in this city. How long have you been here? (2009?12?河北邯郸检测)

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