1．完全倒装语序(把谓语的全部提至主语前)：
(1)在以in，out，back，up，down，off，away，here，there等副词开头的句子中，若主语为名词时，常采用主谓完全倒装语序，但主语为人称代词时，主谓不倒装。例如：
—Look！Here comes the bus.
—瞧！公共汽车来了。
—Oh，here it comes.
—噢，真的来了。
—Listen！There goes the bell.
—听！铃响了。
—Oh，there it goes.
—噢，真的响了。
Just then the door opened and in came a woman.
就在那时，门开了，进来了一个女的。
(2)表示存在关系的句子将表地点的副词或介词短语提至句首时，若主语为名词，也采用完全倒装结构。
East of Asia lies China，with Beijing its capital.
中国在亚洲的东部，北京是它的首都。
Under that tree sits a beautiful girl.
那棵树下坐着一位美丽的姑娘。
(3)在一些固定句型中，以now，then或thus开头的句子也采用完全倒装结构。
Now comes your turn to answer the teacher’s question.(＝It’s your turn to answer the teacher’s question now.)现在轮到你回答老师的问题了。
The AntiJapanese War ended in 1945.Then followed China’s Liberation War.
抗日战争1945年结束，接着是中国的解放战争。
注意：此句型有时需用不定式的被动语态。
Now comes your turn to be questioned.
现在轮到你被提问了。
(4)以such开头的句子采用完全倒装结构。
Such was Albert Einstein，a simple man of great achievements.这就是爱因斯坦，一个纯朴而又取得巨大成就的人。
2．部分倒装句式：
如果有助动词或情态动词等，将其放在主语之前；如果没有助动词或情态动词等时，要在主语前加助动词do或does(一般现在时)或did(一般过去时)。具体如下：
(1)以only开头的句子，当only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句时，要采用部分倒装语序。
注意：①only修饰状语从句时，从句不倒装而主句倒装。
Only then did I realize he，too，was an Englishman.
只有在那时，我才意识到，他也是个英国人。
Only over 18 are you allowed to join the navy，airforce or army.只有超过18岁，你才被允许加入海军、空军或陆军。
Only when the war was over in 1918 was Einstein able to get back happily to work.只有在1918年战争结束时，爱因斯坦才能够愉快地返回工作岗位。
②only后接名词或代词时，属修饰主语，不采用倒装语序。
Only she can solve the problem.
只有她能解决这个问题。
(2)含有not only...but also的句子，若把not only提到句首，让not only和but also引导两个分句时，not only引导的分句要采用部分倒装语序，但but also引导的分句不倒装，而且与前边句子中相同的成分可以省略。
Not only did they take away everything he had but also his German citizenship.他们不仅带走了他所拥有的一切，而且还剥夺了他的德国公民权。
(3)把含有否定意义的词(never，not，nowhere，hardly，few，little等)或频度副词(often，frequently，always，many times等)放在句首时，要采用部分倒装语序。
Never shall I forget the past bitter days.
我永远不会忘记过去苦难的日子。
Not a single mistake did the little pupil make in his composition.那个小学生在作文中连一个错误都没有犯。
Seldom does my aunt go to church on Sundays.
我婶婶星期天很少去教堂做礼拜。
Frequently does my companion beat me at chess.
我的伙伴屡次下棋战胜我。
(4)so..that和such...that句型中，若把so或such及它们所修饰的词提至句首时，主句采用部分倒装语序，但that引导的结果状语从句中语序正常。例如：
So shallow is the lake that no fish can live in it.
这个湖很浅，鱼不能在里边生存。
Such rapid progress did my nephew make that he was able to keep a diary in English before long.我侄子取得了如此快的进步，他不久就能用英语记日记了。
(5)not...until句型，若将not until短语提至句首时，主句要采用部分倒装语序。
Not until he has corrected all our homework will the geography teacher be able to come.直到改完我们所有的作业以后，地理老师才能来。
(6)neither...nor引导两个分句时，两句都要采用部分倒装语序。
Neither was the director for the plan nor was he against it.主任既不赞成也不反对这个计划。
Neither did I know about it nor did I care about it.
关于此事我不知道也不关心。
(7)以so开头的句子(在肯定句后)，说某人、某事与前边提到过的相同时，要采用部分倒装语序；以neither或nor开头的句子(在否定句后)，说某人、某事与前边提到过的相同时，也要采用部分倒装语序。
—I enjoy dumplings.
——我喜欢吃饺子。
—So do I.
——我也一样。
After that we never saw her again，neither(＝nor) did we hear from her.在那以后，我们从未见过她，也没有收到过她的来信。
注意：上述两种倒装句式还可用So it it/was with sb./sth.或It is/was the same with sb./sth.两个句型来替换，意思不变。但若前句动词复杂或有肯定和否定混合时，只用So it is/was with sb./sth.或It is/was the same with sb./sth.两个句型，来表示前边所说情况也适合于后边的人或事。另外，以so开头的句子，如果表示对前边所说事情的重复，表示某人某事确实如此，不采用倒装语序。
Marx came from Germany and German was his native language.So it was with Engels.马克思是德国人，德语是他的母语，恩格斯也一样。
My deskmate works hard and does not go in for sports.It is the same with me.
我同桌学习刻苦，不喜欢体育运动，我也一样。
—He seems very sad.
—他似乎很伤心。
—So he is.His father passed away yesterday.
—他确实伤心。他父亲昨天去世了。
3．其他特殊的倒装句式：
(1)以how，when，where，why，who，whom，whose，what等连接词引导的宾语从句中，连接词要用正常语序。
You can have no idea how excited I was then.
你可能想象不到我当时有多么兴奋。
(2)以“whatever/however＋形容词/副词”等引导的让步状语从句中，这些词后要采用正常语序。
However cold it was，Lenin wore that old coat.
不管有多么冷，列宁总是穿着那件旧大衣。
(3)enough修饰形容词或副词时，要放在形容词或副词的后边，修饰名词时，放在名词前后都可以，放在名词前的较常用。
We have a large enough flat(＝apartment)．
我们有一套够大的公寓。
People brave enough to take that medicine are all volunteers.够勇敢服那种药的人都是志愿者。
(4)在定语从句中出现I think等结构时，把此结构看做插入语，定语从句仍用正常语序。
The boy who everyone thought was honest cheated in the exam.大家都认为老实的那个孩子，在考试中作弊了。
(5)“the＋比较级＋主谓，＋the＋比较级＋主谓”结构表示“越……就越……”。
The harder you work，the greater progress you will make.
你工作越努力，你取得的进步就越大。
(6)以as引导的让步状语从句要采用倒装语序，其倒装办法是提前表语、状语或动词原形，提前表语时，若表语为可数名词单数，要省略不定冠词。
Peasant as my uncle is，he owns a large fortune.
虽然我叔叔是个农民，但他拥有一大笔财富。
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．It was announced that only when the fire was under control ________to return to their homes.
A．the residents would be permitted
B．had the residents been permitted
C．would the residents be permitted
D．the residents had been permitted
答案 C
解析 句意为：据宣布，只有在火势被控制住的时候居民们才被允许回到家中。that从句中only修饰的时间状语从句位于句首，后面的主句需用部分倒装结构。
2．If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party，________.
A．he will either B．neither will he
C．he neither will D．either he will
答案 B
解析 neither引导倒装句，表示前者不做某事，后者也不做。
3．Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and ________.
A．I was neither B．neither was I
C．I was either D．either was I
答案 B
解析 句意为：Bill对Jason耽误了报告的事不高兴，我也是(我也不高兴)。表示“某人也不……时”，应该用“neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”。
4．So much of interest ________ that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all.
A．offers Beijing B．Beijing offers
C．does Beijing offer D．Beijing does offer
答案 C
解析 在使用so...that句式时，若so＋adj./adv.位于句首，则该句须用倒装语序，故应选择C项。
5．Only when I left my parents for Italy ________ how much I loved them.
A．I realized B．I had realized
C．had I realized D．did I realize
答案 D
解析 考查部分倒装。“only＋状语”放于句首时主句用部分倒装。
6．Not until the motorbike looked almost new ________repairing and cleaning it.
A．he stopped B．did he stop
C．stopped he D．he did stop
答案 B
解析 not until位于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。
7．I have been living in the United States for twenty years, but seldom________so lonely as now.
A．have I felt B．I had felt
C．I have felt D．had I felt
答案 A
解析 将现在与以前相比较，故用现在完成时，当否定副词置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装形式。句意为：……但我很少感觉到像现在这样孤独。
8．Young ________ he is，he is quite experienced.
A．like B．as C．so D．such
答案 B
解析 as作“虽然”讲时，句子要用倒装句式即表语/状语＋as＋主语＋谓语。
9．Autumn coming，down________.
A．do the leaves fall B．the leaves will fall
C．fall the leaves D．will the leaves fall
答案 C
解析 考查副词放句首的全倒装句式。
10．________it rain tomorrow，we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu bridge.
A．Were B．Should
C．Would D．Will
答案 B
解析 考查虚拟语气省略if的倒装句。if从句中如果有be/should/had，可以把if省略，把be/should/had提前。
11．Not a single song ______ at yesterday’s party.
A．she sang B．sang she
C．did she sing D．she did sing
答案 C
解析 考查否定词位于句首时的部分倒装结构。
12．Not only ________English well but also ______ ready to help others.
A．does he speak；he is B．he speaks；is he
C．does he speak；is he D．he speaks；he is
答案 A
解析 not only位于句首时，含not only的句子要用倒装语序，故选A项。
13．At the sight of the policeman，______from behind the door.
A．did the boy rush out B．the boy rushing out
C．out rushed the boy D．rushing out was the boy
答案 C
解析 考查副词位于句首时的全倒装句。
14．Among the goods ______.
A．Christmas trees and flowers are
B．Christmas trees and flowers were
C．did Christmas trees and flowers be
D．are Christmas trees and flowers
答案 D
解析 考查表示地点的介词短语位于句首时的全倒装句式。
15．So absorbed______in the research that she didn’t hear someone knocking at the door.
A．was she B．she was
C．did she D．she did
答案 A
解析 考查so...that句型，把so＋adj./adv.放句首时的倒装句。
16．On the top of the hill ________ the old man once lived.
A．a temple stands there in which
B．a temple standing on which
C．does a temple stand where
D．stands a temple where
答案 D
解析 表示地点的介词短语放句首时，句子要用全倒装语序。
17．He failed the midterm examination and only then ______how much time he had wasted.
A．he realized B．did he realize
C．he had realized D．had he realized
答案 B
解析 only＋状语放句首时，主句用部分倒装。
18．—I wonder if your wife will go to the ball.
—If she______，so ______I.
A．does；will B．will；does
C．does；do D．would；will
答案 A
解析 so引导倒装句，表示前者做某事，后者也做某事。if从句不用将来时态，故选A项。
19．In my opinion，all Mr.White ______good to his students in his class at present.He is very strict about their study.
A．does does does B．does do do
C．does does do D．did do does
答案 C
解析 句意为：在我看来，怀特先生目前在课上所做的一切的确对他的学生有好处。他对他们的学习要求严格。all Mr.White does是主语，does do good to sb.表示“的确/确实对……有好处”，故选C项。
20．“Never______to hurt your feeling while I was expressing myself in the discussion，”explained Jim.
A．I expected B．expected I
C．had I expected D．did I expect
答案 D
解析 考查never放句首时的部分倒装句。
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．Out_rushed(冲出去了) the children.
2．From the valley came_a_frightening_sound (传来一阵可怕的声音)．
3．Gone_are_the_days (日子一去不复返) when we used the foreign oil.
4．Not_until_the_children_fell_asleep_did (直到孩子们睡着了) the mother leave the room.
5．So_proud_was_he (他如此自大) that he never listened to any advice.
6．Beautiful_as_she_is (尽管她很漂亮)，she is not clever.
7．Only_in_this_way_can (只有通过这种方式) we learn English well.
8．Had_you_reviewed_your_lessons (如果你复习你的功课的话)，you might have passed the exam.
9．He has been to New York，so_have_his_wife_and_children(他妻子和孩子也去过)．
10．He doesn’t do his best to win the game.Neither_does_she(她也没尽力)．
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
Authorities did not release(分布)the gunman’s name，but Peters said he had no record of police contact or an arrest record while attending Northern Illinois.
DeKalb county coroner(验尸官)Dennis J．Miller on Friday released the identities of the four victims who died in the county：Daniel Parmenter,20，of Westchester；Catalina Garcia,20，of Cicero；RyanneMace,19，of Carpentersville；and Julianna Gehant,32，of Meridan.
“Two other victims died after being transferred to hospitals in other counties”，Miller said.Witnesses said the gunman，dressed in black and wearing a stocking cap，emerged from behind a screen on the stage of 200seat Cole Hall and opened fire just as the class was about to end around 3 p．m.
Officials said 162 students were registered for the class but it was unknown how many were there on Thursday.
Allyse Jerome,19，a sophomore(大二学生)from Shaumburg，said the gunman burst through a stage door and pulled out a gun.
“Honestly，at first everyone thought it was a joke，”Jerome said.Everyone hit the floor，she said.Then she got up and ran，but tripped.she said she felt like “an open target”．
“He could’ve decided to get me，”Jerome said on Friday.“I thought for sure he was gonna get me.”
Lauren Carrsad said she was sitting in the third row when she saw the shooter walk through a door on the righthand side of the stage，pointing a gun straight ahead.
“I personally armycrawled halfway up the aisle(通道)，”said Carr，a 20yearold sophomore.“I said I could get up and run or I could die here.”
She said a student in front of her was bleeding，“but he just kept running”．
More than a hundred students cried and hugged as they gathered outside the Phi Kappa Alpha house early Friday morning to remember Dan Parmenter，who was one of those killed.
1．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Everyone thought it was a joke when the gunman appeared in front of them.
B．Peters had no record of police contact or an arrest record while attending Northern Illinois.
C．162 students were attending a lecture when the gunman emerged from behind the screen.
D．The gunman opened fire as soon as the class came to an end.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第六段Allyse Jermome的叙述，“Honestly，at first everyone thought it was a joke”可知A项正确。第一段中的“Peters said he had no record of police contact or...”，根据前半句可知，此处的he是指的the gunman，而不是Peters本人，故B项错误。根据第四段可知，有关工作人员说有162名学生报了这个课，但并不知道案发时多少人在场，故C项错误。至于D项，本文在叙述枪击事件时并没有提到它是在课堂结束时发生的，所以通过本文无法证明其正确性。
2．How many people were shot to death according to the passage?
A．4. B．6. C．8. D．162.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，县验尸官Miller确认身份的有4名死难者，而在第三段，Miller又提到“Two other victims died after being transferred to hospitals in other counties(另外两个受害者在被转移到其他县的医院后死亡)”，所以总数为6个。
3．The following are not witnesses except________.
A．Peters B．Dennis J．Miller
C．Dan Parmenter D．Lauren Carr
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段的“Peters said he had no record of police contact or an arrest record while attending Northern Illinois”可知Peters应为北伊利诺斯州大学校方人员；而Dennis J．Miller为验尸官，Dan Parmenter为死亡人员之一，只有Lauren Carr经历了此次事件而且活下来，是枪击事件的目击者。
4．What was the first thing that Jerome did when she saw the gunman?
A．She got up and ran out of the room.
B．She hit the floor.
C．She burst through a stage door and pulled out a gun.
D．She tripped and became an “open target”．
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据Jermome的叙述可知，当看到持枪者出现时，每一个人都hit the floor，自然也包括他自己。
5．What is the best title of the passage?
A．Witnesses Tell of Horrible Experience
B．A Cruel Shooter
C．162 Killed in an Accident
D．An Unknown Gunman
答案 A
解析 主旨大意题。本文主要通过目击者介绍了枪击事件的一些详情，所以最佳标题应为A项：目击者讲述恐怖经历。
B
Sport is not only physically challenging，but it can also be mentally challenging.Criticism from coaches，parents，and other teammates，as well as pressure to win can create too much anxiety or stress for young athletes.Stress can be physical，emotional，or psychological and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout.Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.
The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself.The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place.Young athletes can，for example，learn how to cooperate with others，make friends，and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives.Coaches and parents should be aware，at all times，that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children.Youngsters may take their parents’ and coaches’ criticisms to heart and find faults in themselves.
Coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport participation does not become work for children.The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons.In today’s youth sport setting young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport.Following a game many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find faults with youngsters’ performances.Positive support should be provided regardless of the outcome.Research indicates that positive support motivates(激发)and has a greater effect on learning than criticism.Again，criticism can create high levels of stress，which can lead to burnout.
6．An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is________.
A．to make sports less competitive
B．to increase their sense of success
C．to reduce their mental stress
D．to make sports more challenging
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Stress can be physical，emotional，or psychological and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout.”可知，stress(紧张，压力)会导致burnout(激情耗尽；撒手不干)，所以阻止这种现象发生的有效方法就是减少他们的思想压力。
7．According to the passage，sport is positive for young people in that________.
A．it can help them learn more about society
B．it enables them to find faults in themselves
C．it can provide them with valuable experiences
D．it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place.”可知C项正确。
8．Many coaches and parents are in the habit of criticizing young athletes________.
A．believing that criticism is beneficial for their early development
B．without realizing criticism may destroy their selfconfidence
C．in order to make them remember life’s lessons
D．so as to put more pressure on them
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据文章可知，教练和家长的注意力主要在结果上，希望运动员能赢得比赛，批评多是因为对其表现不满，希望其能做得好些。他们的主观愿望是好的。但是显然没有意识到批评可能使年轻的运动员对其从事运动的热情尽失，再也提不起兴趣，否则就不会这么做了。
9．According to the passage parents and coaches should_____________________.
A．pay more attention to letting children enjoy sports
B．help children to win every game
C．train children to cope with stress
D．enable children to understand the positive aspect of sports
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段可知，作者首先指出教练和家长不应让运动成为孩子的工作，那样就会成为孩子的一种负担。同时提到比赛的结果不如学习运动的过程重要，不管结果如何，教练和家长都要给孩子正面的鼓励而不是批评。由此可知，作者认为教练和家长应当将更多的精力放在让孩子享受运动的过程上。
10．The author’s purpose in writing the passage is________.
A．to teach young athletes how to avoid burnout
B．to persuade young children not to worry about criticism
C．to stress the importance of positive support to children
D．to discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragement
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