单元要览
本单元的中心话题是火山、飓风、地震和洪水等自然灾害，听说读写等语言知识和语言技能主要围绕“自然灾害”及如何预防和利用自然灾害这一主题进行。本单元引导学生讨论这些问题，目的在于帮助学生掌握与“自然灾害”这一主题有关的词汇知识，让他们了解自然界的威力，认识到人类只有保护自然，才能有效地预防自然灾害并改造和利用自然，同时也培养了 他们热爱大自然的情操。
本单元的主要内容如下表所示：
类别课程标准要求掌握的内容
话题volcanoes；crater lakes；cyclones；floods
词
汇appointv.任命；委派ashn.灰；灰末
wavevi.波动；挥手 n．波涛hurricanen.飓风；风暴
suitv.适合；使适宜 n．套装questionnairen.问卷；调查表
shootv.射中；射伤equipmentn.设备；装备
panicv.惊慌 n．恐慌databasen.数据库；资料库
guaranteev.保证；担保helmetn.头盔
potentialn.潜在性；潜能 adj.可能的bootn.靴子
anxietyn.担心；焦虑；渴望candidaten.候选人；候补者
absoluteadj.绝对的；完全的bungalown.平房；小屋
actualadj.实在的；实际的typhoonn.台风
anxiousadj.焦虑的；不安的thunderstormn.雷暴
alongsideadv.在旁边；沿着边 prep.在……旁边；沿着……的边novelistn.小说家
absolutelyadv.绝对地；完全地fogn.雾
eruptvi.(指火山)爆发；突然发生documentn.文件；证件
evaluatev.评估；评价；估计rainbown.彩虹
fountainv. 泉水般地喷出或涌出
n．喷泉；源泉balconyn.阳台
tremblevi.摇晃；摇动；颤抖shotn.射击；枪炮声
sweatvi.出汗 n．汗appreciationn.欣赏；感激；感谢
bathevi.洗澡；游泳preciousadj.贵重的；珍贵的
diagramn.图解；图表；示意图uncomfortableadj.不舒服的；不舒适的
volcanon.火山unconsciousadj.失去知觉的；未察觉的
eruptionn.火山爆发；(战争等)爆发diverseadj. 多种多样的；不同的
make one's way 前往burn to the ground全部焚毁
glance through 匆匆看一遍attach...to...把……附在……上
vary from...to...由……到……不等compare...with...把……和……做比较
a live volcano 一座活火山be about to do 即将；马上；正要做
part of 部分run out of 跑出去；用光；耗尽
out of the way不挡道；不碍事；躲开look down into向下看
be covered with被……所覆盖，遮掩take...by surprise使……吃惊
a great diversity of 多种多样的be home to 是……的栖息地；原产地
in the distance 在远处；在远方pick up 拾起；捡起
on earth 在地球上；究竟；到底；根本protect sb./sth.against/from sth.保护……不受……的伤害
句
型1.Having_collected_and_evaluated_the_information，I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.(the －ing form)
2.I was_about_to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.(sb.be about to do sth.when...)
3.The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study，but this_being_my_first_experience，I stayed at the top and watched them.(the －ing form)
4.Having_studied_volcanoes_now_for_many_years，I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.(the －ing form)
5.My job is collecting_information_for_a_database_about_Mount_Kilauea...(the －ing form)
6.I was appointed as a volcanologist working_for_the_Hawaiian_Volcano_Observatory(HVO)_twenty_years_ago.(the －ing form)
功
能情感：喜悦、恐惧、焦虑、惊奇(Emotions：joy，fear，anxiety，surprise)
I became so excited that... I'm looking forward to...
Perfect! You did a good job.
I'm frightened. I was trembling.
I was so anxious... I felt very nervous.
Oh，my goodness. Oh，no!
I had never felt so happy as... Doesn't that look lovely?
I can't wait... I was never so frightened...
What's happening? What's happened?
What's that noise? Where's the...？
语法复习－ing形式(Revise the －ing form)
I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory(HVO) twenty years ago.
My job is collecting_information_for_a_database_about_Mount_Kilauea...
Having_worked_hard_all_day，I went to bed early.
Having_experienced_quite_a_few_earthquakes_in_Hawaii_already，I didn't take much notice.
教
学
重
点1.Get students to know about disasters that are caused by natural forces.
2．Have students learn some useful new words and expressions about natural disasters and let them learn effective ways to master them.
3．Enable students to express their emotions such as joy，fear，anxiety and surprise.
4．Let students get a better understanding of the grammar item：the －ing form.
5．Develop students' listening，speaking，reading and writing ability.
难点1.Enable students to master the usages of the －ing form.
2．Let students learn to write a letter expressing emotions.
3．Develop students' integrative skills.
课时安排Periods needed：6
Period 1 Warming Up，Pre－reading，Reading and Comprehending
Period 2 Language Study
Period 3 Grammar?the －ing Form
Period 4 Listening and Speaking
Period 5 Reading and Writing
Period 6 Summing Up，Learning Tip and Assessment
Period 1 Warming Up，Pre－reading，Reading
and Comprehending
整体设计
教学内容分析
This is the first teaching period of this unit.The central part of this period is the reading passage with the name of An Exciting Job showing the stude nts the power of nature.
Warming Up gives two topics for students to discuss，letting students get some more knowledge about the power of nature.
Pre－reading provides some questions and a questionnaire to help students focus on the topic of the reading passage and lead the students to think about any personal experiences of working outside，such as things about climbing into a live volcano，doing dangerous work，travelling，taking risks，adventure，studying rocks and so on.
Reading is a first－person account of a volcanologist's experiences.He loves his job very much because he can help protect ordinary people from one of the most powerful forces on earth.His job is collecting information for a database about Mount Kilauea and helping other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.Once，he watched an eruption and then collected some lava for later study.After many years，he is still enthusiastic about his job.Reading contains a picture that is an absolutely fantastic sight.After a glance at the title of the text and the headlines within it we know that it is an account，in which there are many emotion expressions.Then we can understand the topic of the text and how the information is organized.
Comprehending consists of three written or oral exercises for the students to do so as to help the students to get a better understanding of the text，that is to say，to help the teacher to check how much the students have understood the text.
三维目标设计
Knowledge and skills
1．To know the meanings of the following new words and phrases：diagram(示意图)，volcano(火山)，erupt(爆发)，eruption(火山爆发)，ash(灰末)，hurricane(飓风)，questionnaire(调查表)，alongside(在旁边；在……旁边)，equipment(装备)，appoint(委派)，database(数据库)，evaluate(评估)，wave(波浪)，fountain(泉水般地喷出或涌出；喷泉；源泉)，absolute(绝对的)，absolutely(绝对地)，suit(一套外衣)，helmet(头盔)，boot(靴子)，potential(潜在性；潜在的)，actual(实在的)，burn to the ground(全部焚毁)，make one's way(前往)．
2．To learn about some disasters that are caused by natural forces，how people feel in dangerous situations and the ways in which humans protect themselves from natural disasters.
3．To learn how the information is organized.
4．To develop the students' reading ability by skimming and scanning the passage.
5．To develop the students' speaking ability by talking about natural forces.
Process and methods
1．While doing Warming Up the teacher can lead in the topic of this unit by showing students some pictures of natural disasters and introducing some technical vocabulary concerning volcanoes to review and deve lop students' understanding of what a volcano is.To ask students to consider other natural disasters and the ways humans deal with them.
2．During Pre－reading the teacher can go around the classroom and disc uss the questions with several students.This discussion should be student－centered and arouse students' interest in working outside.The teacher should also ask the students some questions and try to let them have a general knowledge of volcanoes.
3．While doing Reading and Comprehending，the teacher may first ask the students to read the text quickly to get the general idea of each paragraph.After reading the passage carefully，students are encouraged to answer some questions and discuss the text structure.
4．To consolidate the contents of the reading passage，the students should be required to retell the volcanologist's experiences in their own words at the end of the class.
Emotion，attitude and value
1．To stimulate students' love to nature.
2．To develop students' sense of cooperative learning.
教学重、难点
1．To enable the students to learn about the power of nature and to develop their reading ability.
2．To enable the students to talk about natural forces.
教学过程
?Step 1 Warming up
1．Warming up by looking and talking
Show the following pictures to the students and let them know about the power of nature and talk about them.
Sample expressions：
What happened in the pictures above？Do you know any other natural disasters？Please work with your partners and make a list of natural disasters(such as earthquake，snowstorm，flood，drought)．Have you ever seen a volcano?
(Some new words：lava erupt/eruption crater active/dormant/extinct volcanoes...)
2．Warming up by reading the passage below.
Some knowledge about volcanoes
There are thousands of volcanoes all over the world.What makes volcanoes？What happens?
The inside of the earth is very hot.Because it is very，very hot，the rock has melted like ice.It has become liquid，like water.It is always boiling，like water in a kettle.If you have seen a kettle boiling，you know that the steam and boiling water try to get out.The very hot melted rock inside t he earth also tries to get out.Usually it cannot because the outside of the earth is too thick and strong.
But in some places the outside of the earth is thin and weak.Sometimes a crack(a small opening)appears.The hot melted rock，which we call “lava”，pushes up through the crack and bursts through.Steam and gas shoot up into the air and the hot melted lava pours out.Big pieces of rock may be thrown high into the air.
After a while the volcano becomes quiet again.The melted lava becomes hard.Later the same thing happens again and again.Each time more hot lava pours out on top of the cold lava and then becomes hard.In this way a kind of mountain is built up，with a hole down the middle.Perhaps the volcano will then be quiet and no more lava will burst out.Perhaps it will start again hundreds of years later.
Vesuvius is the name of a very famous volcano in Italy.It first came to life many，many years ago.It was quiet for hundreds of years.Then in the year 79 it suddenly burst.A great cloud of smoke shot up into the sky with great burning rocks，which fell all around.Hot lava poured down its sides.About 3000 people were killed.
?Step 2 Pre－reading
1.Can you imagine climbing into a live volcano in order to measure the temperature of the boiling rock inside？Now，read the following passage please.
Why does Tazieff risk his life like this?
Haroun Tazieff，the polish scientist，has spent his lifetime studying active volcanoes and deep caves in all parts of the world.In 1948，he went to Lake Kivu in the Congo to observe a new volcano which he later named Kituro.Tazieff was able to set up his camp very closed to the volcanoes while it was erupting violently.Though he managed to take a number of b rilliant photographs，he could not stay near the volcanoes for very long.He noticed that a river of liquid rock was coming towards him.It threatened to surround him completely.But Tazieff managed to escape just in time，he waited until t he volcanoes became quiet and he was able to return two days later.This time，he managed to climb into the mouth of Kituro so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures.Tazieff has often risked his life in this way.He has been able to tell us more about act ive volcanoes than any man alive.
2．Encourage students to talk more about volcanoes by looking at the following pictures.
?Step 3 Reading and comprehending
1．Fast－reading：Ask students to skim the passage so as to get the key words and general idea of each paragraph and answer the question：What's the main idea of the text?
2．Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions.
(1)Why is a volcanologist's job important?
(2)Why is the lava that flows on Mount Kilauea more dangerous than the actual eruption?
(3)Why was it difficult for the writer to walk towards the edge of the crater?
(4)What does the writer find impressive about volcanoes even after studying them for many years?
(5)What did the author think it was when an eruption occurred?
(6)Why did the scientists look like spacemen?
Suggested answers：
1．This passage is a first－person account of a volcanologist's experiences.The volcanologist described his exciting job and wrote down his first sight of an eruption.
2．(1)Volcanologists study volcanoes so that they can warn people when the volcano is going to erupt and so save many lives.
(2)The lava flows down the mountain and can cover up or burn villages in its path.The rocks that erupt from the volcano usually don't damage anything because no one lives near the crater.
(3)The author was wearing special protective clothing that made it difficult to walk.
(4)The author finds their be auty and their potential to cause great damage very impressive.
(5)He thought it was an earthquake.
(6)Because they wore white protective suits that covered their whole body.
3．Ask students to scan for detailed information and discuss the following question with their partners and be prepared to report to the class.
Question：Having learned a little more about the work of a v olcanologist，do you think it is an occupation you would enjoy？Give you reasons.
Suggested answers:
No，I probably wouldn't enjoy this job because I wouldn't have to live in other countries and I don't like being in dangerous situations，either.Above all，I'm not very good at science.
OR
Yes，I'd love to do a job like this because I would enjoy working outside and I think I would enjoy the adventure.It would be exciting to meet people from different countries and I would feel good about helping people avoid danger.
?Step 4 Language study
Dealing with any language problem if any(words or sentences students might not understand)to help the students to have a better understanding of the text.
?Step 5 Listening，reading aloud and underlining
Ask students to read the passage aloud to the tape and let them pay attention to the pronunciation of each word and the pauses within each sentence.Tell them to pick out all the useful expressions or collocations from the passage while reading and copy them to the notebook after class as homework.
Collocations：make one's way，a live volcano，be about to do，look down into，out of the way，be covered with，burn to the ground，attach...to...，compare...with...，run out of
?Step 6 Structure analyzing
After reading，ask students to discuss the text structure.
Keys for reference：
This passage is a first－person account of a volcanologist's experiences.The volcanologist described his exciting job and wrote down his first sight of an eruption.The first paragraph introduces the topic and the theme of the text.The rest of the text presents the information in chronological order.A feature of an account of a volcanologist's experiences is the abundance of time expressions.The last sentence of the report functions as a conclusion.In addition，each section begins with a topic sentence.
?Step 7 Retelling
Ask students to talk about the volcanologist's experiences in their own words.Give them some key words and expressions.Then let them try to retell the passage.
?Step 8 Homework
1．Learn the useful new words and expressions in this part by heart.
2．Try to find more pictures showing natural forces and talk about them.
?Step 9 Reflection after teaching
________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Reading：An Exciting Job
?Step Ⅰ：Lead－in
?Step Ⅱ：Fast reading：Read the passage An Exciting Job as quickly as you can and try to get the main idea of the passage.
What is the main idea of the passage?
A．An eruption occurred in Hawaii.
B．A volcanologist's job is exciting.
C．A volcanologist's exciting job and his first sight of an eruption.
D．A sight of an eruption is horrible.
?Step Ⅲ：Detailed reading
1．Read the first and the second paragraphs and finish the following tasks.
①Why is a volcanologist's job important?
________________________________________________________________________
②The writer doesn't mind the occasional danger of his job because______.
A．he travels to unusual places and meets interesting people from all over the world
B．he likes the different ways of working
C．he thinks his job the most important
D．he is excited about danger and feels alive
③ As a result of the volcanologist's job，______.
A．other scientists predict the progress of lava from the volcano
B．many people have been warned to leave their homes
C．the eruption causes less damage
D．the eruption may be prevented from breaking out
2．Read the third and the fourth paragraphs and finish the following tasks.
①What made the writer realize that an eruption occurred?
②What does the writer mean by using “lucky” in the sentence “I was lucky enough to have a much closer look at it”？
A．He felt much safer on the top while the other two scientists climbed into the crater.
B．It was his first sight of an eruption.
C．It was the first time for him to watch the crater.
D．Both B and C.
3．Read the last paragraph and prepare 1－2 questions to ask your partners about it.
?Step Ⅳ：Searching reading
1．Analyze the sentence.
Having collected and evaluated the information，I helped other scientists to predict where the lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.
Having collected and evaluated the information是______，在句子中作______；predict后是由where和how引导的两个______。
2．Which sentence in the test can be replaced by the following one.
The reason why I don't mind that my job is sometimes dangerous is that danger can be exciting and make me full of energy.
________________________________________________________________________
3．I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.“Potential” means：
A．possibility B．opportunity
4．Translate the following sentence into Chinese.
Having studied volcanoes now for many years，I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.
________________________________________________________________________
?Step Ⅴ：Discussion
Having learned a little more about the work of a volcanologist，what qualities do you think a volcanologist should have？What quality do you think is the most important？And give your reasons.
Do you like to be a volcanologist?
?Step Ⅵ：Homework
1．For more information about natural forces，you may refer to：http：//baike.baidu.com
2．Finish the exercises in Discovering useful words and expressions on Page 36.
教学参考
Mount Etna
Sicily's greatest natural attraction is also its highest mountain.To the ancient Greeks，Mount Etna was the realm of Vulcan， god of fire ，and the home of the one－eyed monster known as the Cyclops.At approximately 3350 meters，it is Europe's highest active volcano.The size of the summit changes with each eruption，and over the centuries a few lava flows have reached the coast.Over 1200 square meters of Etna's surface is covered with solidified lava.Etna offers skiing in the winter months and breathtaking hikes in the woods during the summer.There are also a number of smaller peaks on the slopes of Etna，and some interesting caverns.Since Etna is a strato volcano，with relatively cool lava temperatures and numerous openings(vents)，nobody ever knows precisely where on its vast surface the next eruption will be.Etna's long recorded history has proven invaluable to the world's volcanologists.
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