非谓语：(to do/ doing / done) (By Yuan)
1.To do(to be done) / doing / done 作状语的区别：
To do(to be done)：作目的状语，结果状语(特定句型)
Doing(being done, having done )/done： 作伴随、时间、原因、让步、结果状语等。
1) complete the task ahead of time, they kept working throughout the night.
2) The spy broke into the bank, only find two policemen waiting for him with a gun.
3) He hurried back home, leave piles of work unfinished.
4) Defeat time and again, he still didn’t lose heart.
(分析：1)To/ In order to complete 目的 2)only to find 后接to do 形式,表示一种未预料的结果3)leaving 结果 4) Defeated让步)
2.To do(to be done) / doing / done 作定语的区别：
To do(to be done)：多表示未完成的动作，和某些特定句型
doing ：(being done)：表示正在进行和经常性的动作
done ：被动,完成的动作和经常性的动作
1)The commander gave an order attack the enemy before dawn.
2)Who were the first people reach American continent.
3)People live in this area feed on rice.
4)Areas strike by a hurricane are usually in a mess before things return to normal.
(分析：1)to attack 未完成 2)to reach特定句型first/ second等序数词之后 3)living 主动经常性 4) struck/ stricken被动、经常性)
3.To do/to be done 与 to have done / to have been done: 后者表示动作发生在主动词之前。
1) At the moment they are preparing for the concert hold in a fortnight time.
2) The novel is reported translate into German already.
3) He wished praise at the meeting held the day before.
4) I am glad____________(meet) you. I hope to see you soon.
(分析：1)to be held 2) to have been translated 3) to have been praised 4) to have met )
4.doing / being done / having done 与 done
doing ：主动、进行或经常性的动作、状态 being done：被动、进行或经常性
having done：主动，完成于主动词之前
done：被动，完成的动作、或经常性的动作、状态
1)When heat , ice will turn into water.
2)While wander in the street, he came across an old friend of his.
3)The manager spoke at the conference, ___express his satisfaction with the project.
4)______wipe the table, the waitress asked the couple to be seated.
5)______raise geese for years, he became an expert at keeping geese.
6)The book _____ publish last month is on grammar.
7)The project _____ carry out these days is to be completed by the end of this year.
(分析: 1) heated 2) wandering 3) expressing 4) Having wiped 5) Having raised 6)published 7) being carried out )
5. 下列动词后只能接动名词(-ing)：suggest, finish, avoid, stop, can’t help, mind, enjoy, require, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, escape, permit。
Practice (By Li & Que)
1.The party was successful, but we thought it a pity not __________ you.
A.to have invited B. inviting C.to invite D. invited
2.-- If Mary doesn’t come to work on time, she may be fired.
--Surely she is not so foolish ___________ it.
A.as not to realize B. not as to realize C. that she didn’t realize D.as not realizing
3.The picure ________ on the wall is painted by my brother.
A.having hung B.hanging C.hangs D. being hung
4.I appreciate _____________ me during the debate.
A. of your supporting B. you to support C. your supporting D. to your supporting
5.The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ___________ the film stars had gone.
A. tell B. to be told C. telling D. told
6.I know what kind of boss he is, so I know what ___________ of him.
A. expcted B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects
7. __________ made all of them much disappointed.
A. Her not coming back B. her not to come back
C. Not her returning D. Not her being back
8.Mrs Smith warned her daughter ________________ after drinking.
A. never to drive B. to never drive C.never driving D.never drive
9.The boy wanted to swim in the lake, but his mother told him _____________.
A. not to B. not to do C. not to do it D. do not to
10.I regret __________ you that we are unable to offer you the job.
A. inform B. having informed C. to inform D. informed
11.The flowers _________ sweet in the botanical garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt
12.Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases ___________ only to people with specific knowledge.
A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known
13. While shopping, people sometimes can’t help ____________ into buying something they don’t really need.
A. to pursue B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded
14.Cleaning women in big cities usually get ________ by the hour.
A.pay B.paying C.paid D.to pay
16.A number of new machines were installed in the factory, thus __________ an increase in production. A. to result in B. results C.resulting in D.resulted in
17.It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when__________ at the meeting by my boss.
A.questioning B.having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned
18.__________, but he still couldn’t understand it.
A. He had been told many times B. having been told many times
C. told many times D. Although he had been told many times
19.___________ comfortably in her armchair, the old lady enjoyed light music on the MP3 with her eyes half ________.
A.Seated; closed B.Sat; closing C. Seating; closed D. sitting; close
20. ___________ made the student __________ interest in his study.
A. Being punished; to lose B. Punished; lose
C. Being punished; lose D. having been punished; lose
21.What worried the child most was ___________ to visit his mother in the hospital.
A. his not allowing B. his not being allowed
C. his being not allowed D. having not been allowed
22.All the managers agreed that the matter required _____________.
A. to look into B. being looked into C. to be looked into D. looking into
23.I feel it is your husband who ____________ for the spoiled child.
A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame.
24.She had no choice but ___________ to the end.
A. fight B. to fight C. fighting D. fought
25.Without facts, we can not form a worthwhile opinion, for we need factual knowledge _______ our thinking.
A.which to be based on B. on which to base
C. which to base upon D. to which to be based
(keys: 1.A 2.A动词不定式的否定not to do 3.B hang“挂”表状态时用主动
4.C 5.BOnly to do表令人失望的结果 6.B(expect sth of sb 期待某人…eg. Don’t expect too mach of her(不要对她期望过高) 7.A 8.A 9. A动词不定式的省略10 C regret doing后悔做过…. regret to do对将做的事表示遗憾. 11.Bsmelling做定语12.D 13.Ccan’t help doing/being done情不自禁做…14.C get done = be done 16.Cdoing表结果17.C 18.A注意but应连接句子19.A 20Cdoing的被动being done做主语done 不能做主语 21.B 22.D require/need/want doing=require/need to be done 23.A.句式sb/sth is to blame((主动表被动) 24.B25.B介词+which +to do(做定语)，相当于一个定语从句—which we base our thinking on
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