关于完成时态的注意点
<例句>
I won't believe you until I've seen you in the room with my own eyes.
我要亲眼见到你在这个屋子里才相信你。
<语法分析>
在时间和条件状语从句中,可用现在完成时态代替将来完成时。延续性动词可用于现在完成时,可接表示段的时间状语。非延续性动词也可用于现在完成时,但不接表示段的时间状语。有时在口语中,可用一般过去时代替现在完成时。有些动词,如hope, plan, mean, expect和think等有时可用过去完成时来表示一个本来打算做而未做,曾经设想而未实现的事情。在时间和条件状语从句中,过去完成时可代替过去将来完成时。
<触类旁通>
(1) He has got constant help from her since he has known her.
自从他认识她以来,他一直得到她的帮助。
语法分析:为了强调从句谓语动词从过去某一时刻开始,一直延续到现在,可用现在完成时态。
(2) I have never heard of her since she left.
自她离开后湖,我从未听说过她。
语法分析:since从句如果用现在完成时,其谓语动词一定是延续性的,如果是非延续性的,则只能用一般过去时。
(3) The vistors have stayed here for three days.
来访者在这儿住了三天。
语法分析:延续性动词可用于现在完成时,可接表示段的时间状语。
(4) The young man has joined the Party.
这年轻人入了党。
语法分析:非延续性动词也可用于现在完成时,但不接表示段的时间状语。
(5) I had intended to come over to see you, but was prevented from doing so.
我本打算来看望你,但受阻没有来成。
语法分析:用过去完成时来表示一个本来打算做而未做,曾经设想而未实现的事情。
(6) We would get into trouble as soon as the water had run out.
水一用完,我们就会陷入困境。
语法分析:在时间和条件状语从句中,过去完成时可代替过去将来完成时。
<巩固练习>
(1) When you _____[learn] computer, you'll find it a bridge to so much knowledge.
(2) The film _____[put] on at this cinema for three days.
(3) I _____[meet] him twice this morning.
(4) I _____[hear] of you before.
(5) This is the most wonderful film I ____[see}.
(6) In the last few years there _____[be] great changes in computers.
(7) She must _____[be] here last week.
(8) He should _____[let] us through the forest yesterday evening.
(9) The old man _____[live] here since 1980.
<参考答案>
(1) have learned (2) has been put (3) have met (4) have heard (5) have ever seen (6) have been (7) have seen (8) have let (9) has lived
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