高考英语写作中常见19种修辞手法详解

编辑: 逍遥路 关键词: 高考复习 来源: 高中学习网


  1.Simile 明喻
  明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.
  标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.
  例如:
  1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.
  2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud.
  3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.
  2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻
  隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.
  例如:
  1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.
  2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.
  3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻
  借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.
  I.以容器代替内容,例如:
  1>.The kettle boils. 水开了.
  2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.
  II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:
  Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.
  III.以作者代替作品,例如:
  a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集
  VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:
  I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.
  4.Synecdoche 提喻
  提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般.
  例如:
  1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体)
  他的厂里约有100名工人.
  2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般)
  他是本世纪的牛顿.
  3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.(整体代部分)
  这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.
  5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉
  这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来,借联想引起感觉转移,“以感觉写感觉”。
  通感技巧的运用,能突破语言的局限,丰富表情达意的审美情趣,起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如:欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏;闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体;听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子;又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。
  例如:
  1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice.(用视觉形容听觉,鸟落在树上,由它发出的声音联想到百合花)
  鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音.
  2>.Taste the music of Mozart.(用嗅觉形容听觉)
  品尝Mozart的音乐.
  6.Personification 拟人
  拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物.
  例如:
  1>.The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.(把夜拟人化)
  2>.I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.(把鸟拟人化)
  7.Hyperbole 夸张
  夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的.它可以加强语势,增加表达效果..
  例如:
  1>.I beg a thousand pardons.
  2>.Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars.
  3>.When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.

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