用名词来作定语,往往用其单数形式。但有些特殊情况下必须用其复数形式来作定语。如:sports meeting运动会;students reading room学生阅览室;talks table谈判桌等。man, woman, gentleman 等作定语时,其单复数依其修饰的名词的单复数而定。如:a woman doctor;men workers;women teachers;gentlemen officials等。
锦囊二:代词解题通法
通过对近三年语法填空试题的分析来看,代词除了主要考查it的用法之外,考查的其他代词比较多,也比较复杂,所以在解答此类试题时。要注意以下几个方面。
1.牢记代词的基本用法,这是很关键的。由于代词比较复杂,每类代词都有其使用的特点,如形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
2.在具体的语境中要能够判断出属于哪种代词,同时要准确地使用。
3.对于代词中一些容易混淆的知识点要特别地加以记忆,如both, all;neither, none;other, another等。
锦囊三:三招攻克动词难点
1.结合语境,推敲状语,确定动词时态
语法填空常需要结合语境来确定答案。如果文章的整体时态为过去时,动词的时态应是与过去相关的时态:一般过去时, 过去进行时,过去完成时等。此外,熟记各种时态的常用时间状语,对于确定时态有极大的帮助。如:since, so far, up till now, in the past years等是现在完成时的标志;years ago, yesterday, last night是一般过去时态的标志词;by the end of last (next) month, when he got/gets to the station, before he did sth。常用于过去(将来)完成时态;always 常用于一般现在时和带有感情色彩的进行时等。但是,做题时仍需结合语境,切忌教条主义。如:
I was in Hangzhou on business for a week last month.There I was greatly struck by the beauty of the West Lake.
2.熟记句型提高速度
(1)It’s time sb. did/should do sth.
(2)sb. would rather did/had done sth.
(3)was/were doing sth....when...
(4)no sooner ...than... hardly...when... scarcely...when.。.句型中主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。如:No sooner had he arrived than it began to rain.
(5)had wanted/hoped to do sth.
(6)It won’t be long before...
(7)It’s/has been+some time+ since sb. did sth.
(8)Would you mind if I did sth.?
(9)be (was/were) about to do sth....when...
3.借助构词法掌握动词
常用动词前缀:
dis- 不,非,相反如:dislike, disagree, discontinue
en-? 置于之中,使成为 如:enable, endanger, ?enlarge?, enrich
fore-? 先于,预先 如:foretell, foresee
mis-? 坏(或错),糟糕(或错误) 如:misuse, mistake, misfortune, misspell, misunderstand
over-? 过于,反转 如:overeat, overdressed, oversleep, overpraise, overuse, overdrink?, overpay, overturn, overthrow
trans-?横穿,进入(另一地方),成为(另一状态) 如:translate, transform, transcontinental
re-? 又,再,重新 如:retell, rewrite
un-? 相反 如:unload, uncover
de-? 的反义,向下 如:descend, degrade
out-? 超过,过分 如:outdo, outbid
co-? 共同,一起 如:coexist, cooperate
常用动词后缀:
-ize, -ise 成为,使,使像 如:modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize
-en 使成为,变得如:quicken, weaken, soften, harden
-fy 使得,变成如:beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify
锦囊四:浅谈比较等级
1.由介词in或of构成的短语说明比较的范围,如果在一定的地域空间内用in;如果在同一类事物范围内进行比较用of。 例如:
The Yangtze River is the longest river in China. 长江是中国最长的河流。
The Yangtze River is the longest river of all the rivers in China. 长江是中国所有河流中最长的。
2."never...+比较级.。.或not...ever...+比较级..."也表示最高级。例如:I have never read a better book than this. (=This is the best book I have ever read。) 我从未读过比这本更好的书。
I didn’t think I have ever been angrier in my life. 我想我一生中从没有比这次更生气的了。
3.在最高级前加a,不表示"最",只是用来加强语气,有"很,非常"之意。例如:This is a most interesting book. 这是一本非常有趣的书。
I think this method is simplest and easiest. 我认为这个办法最简易不过的了。
4.几个特殊的形容词和副词的比较级、最高级:good/well:better,best;bad/ill/badly:worse,worst; many/much:more,most;little:less,least;far:farther/further,farthest/furthest;old:older/elder,oldest/eldest
锦囊五:在下列短语或表达中须用不定冠词a(n)
1.have a swim/walk/talk/look; have a good time;keep a diary;in a hurry;have/lead/live a...life;once in a while;at a loss;once upon a time;tell a lie;all of a sudden;do sb. a favor;a mouthful of;at a distance等;
2.what/such/quite/rather a(n)+形容词+ 单数可数名词;
3.too/as/how/however+形容词+a(n)+单数可数名词;
4.many a(n)+单数可数名词;
5.not a(n)+单数可数名词;
6.half a(n)+单数可数名词。
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