（原创精品）2013年普通高考英语科语法知识网络

专题01 冠词

冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。

I. 不定冠词的用法

1

指一类人或事，相当于a kind of

A plane is a machine that can fly.

2

第一次提及某人某物，非特指

A boy is waiting for you.有个男孩在等你。

3

表示“每一”相当于every，one

We study eight hours a day.

4

表示“相同”相当于the same

We are nearly of an age.

5

用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事

— Hello, could I speak to r. Smith?

—Sorry, wrong number. There isn't______ r. Smith here.

A. 不填 B. a C. the D. one

That boy is rather a Lei Feng.（活雷锋）

6

用于固定词组中

a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time

7

用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后

This room is rather a big one.

8

用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后

She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.

9

用于抽象名词具体化的名词前

success(抽象名词)→a success(具体化) 成功的人或事

a failure 失败的人或事 a shame 带耻辱的人或事

a pity 可惜或遗憾的事 a must 必需必备的事

a good knowledge of 精通掌握某一方面的知识

II. 定冠词的用法

1

表示某一类人或物

In many places in China, ___ bicycle is still ___ popular means of transportation.

A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. the; the

2

用于世上独一无二的事物名词前

the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean

3

表示说话双方都了解的或上提到过的人或事

Would you mind opening the door?

4

用于演奏乐器

play the violin, play the guitar

5

用于形容词和分词前表示一类人

the reach, the living, the wounded

6

表示“一家人”或“夫妇”（对比上的不定冠词用法5）

—Could you tell me the way to ____ Johnsons, please?
—Sorry, we don’t have ____ Johnson here in the village.
A. the; the B. the; a C. /; the D. the; /

7

用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前

He is the taller of the two children.

8

用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，川群岛的名词前

the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French

9

用于表示发明物的单数名词前

The compass was invented in China.

10

在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代

in the 1990’s(二十世纪九十年代)

11

用于表示度量单位的名词前

I hired the car by the hour.

12

用于方位名词，身体部位名词

He patted me on the shoulder.

III. 不用冠词（又名零冠词）的用法

1

专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前

Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air

2

名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制

I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this?

3

季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前

arch, Sunday, National Day, spring

4

表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前

Lincoln was made President of America.

5

表示球类，棋类等运动的名词前

He likes playing football/chess.

6

与by连用表示交通方式的名词前

We went right round to the west coast by ______ sea instead of driving across ______ continent.

A. the; the B.不填；the C. the; 不填 D. 不填；不填

7

以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时

husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night

8

表示泛指的复数名词前

Horses are useful animals.

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