知识详解
① character n． 品质，性格；人物，角色；名誉；文字
(回归课本P52)As in the old wuxia stories，characters leap through the air every now and then，with beautiful，graceful movements，while audiences shout in surprise.
正如在古代武侠故事中一样，影片中的人物不时地在空中跳跃并做出许多优美的动作，观众看到这些时都发出惊叫。
【归纳总结】
①Girl as she is，she has a strong but gentle character.
尽管是个女孩，但她具有坚强而又温柔的性格。
②Liquids are different in character from both solids and gases.
液体的特性与固体和气体均不相同。
③ I can’t believe she lied to me－it seems so out of character.
我想不到她会对我撒谎，这不符合她的个性。
④For years，Mickey has been a character that the Disney Corp.dare not tamper with.
多年来，迪士尼集团一直不敢损害米奇这一角色。
【例句探源】
1．(高考湖北卷)Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health.It may also be good for________building.
A．respect B．friendship C．reputation D．character
解析：选D。考查名词辨析。独自远足利于塑造性格，用character building表示“品格培养”。注意第二句中it指代的是第一句中的“Hiking by oneself”，其他选项不符合题意。
【即境活用】
2.He proved himself true gentleman and the beauty of his________was seen at its best when he worked with others.
A．temper B．appearance C．talent D．character
解析：选D。考查词义辨析。temper表示“脾气”；appearance表示“外表”；talent表示“才能，天赋”；character表示“性格；品质”。本句意为“他证明自己是个真正的绅士，他的人格魅力当他同别人一起工作时体现得最明显。”
② argue vi. 争论，辩论
vt. 辩论；主张；说服；表明；证明
(回归课本P55)Do you ever argue with your family about which TV programme to watch?
你曾和家人争论过要看哪个电视节目吗？
argument n.争论，辩论；论据，论点
argue about/on/over 辩论某事
argue with sb.与某人争吵
argue against反驳
argue sb.down驳倒某人,argue for赞成，为……而力争
argue sb.into...说服某人做……
argue sb.out of...说服某人不做某事
beyond argument 无可争辩的
【归纳总结】
①I argued her into buying a new car.
我说服她买一辆新车。
② I’m not going to argue with you, but I think you’re wrong.
我不想和你争辩，但是我认为你错了。
③You can argue against extending the airport on the grounds of cost.
你可以以成本太高为理由反对扩建机场。
【例句探源】
3.He argued________smoking，and insisted that it was________argument that smoking was harmful to health.
A．for；beyond B．against；over C. for；over D．against；beyond
解析：选D。argue for...表示“提出理由以支持……”，argue against表示“提出理由以反对……”；It is beyond argument that...是固定句式，表示“……是无可争辩的。”本句意为“他反对抽烟，并坚持认为抽烟有害身体健康是无可争辩的。”
【即境活用】
4．完成句子
We__________________________________(说服他采纳)the plan.
解析：考查argue sb.into doing sth.表示“说服某人干某事”的意思。
答案：argued him into adopting
③ occasionally adv. 偶尔；有时
(回归课本P54) It has occasionally been done.这偶尔为之。
【归纳总结】
【例句探源】
① I am used to travelling by air and only on one occasion have I ever felt frightened.
我习惯了乘飞机旅行，只是有一次把我吓坏了。
②I have on occasion visited her at home.
有时我去登门拜访她。
③More than once Dr.Standish had occasion to warn his son about his irresponsible behaviour.
对于儿子不负责任的行为，斯坦迪什博士不得不多次向他提出告诫。
④They marked the occasion with an open?air concert.
他们举办露天音乐会来庆祝这个特别的时刻。
5．As he works in a remote area，he visits his parents only ________.
A．occasionally B．anxiously C．practically D．urgently
解析：选A。句意：因为在一个偏远地区工作，他只偶尔看望一下父母。occasionally＝sometimes，but not regularly and not often偶尔，间或；anxiously焦急地；practically几乎，实际地；urgently迫切地。依据语境可知A项正确。
【即境活用】
6.He was busy writing the story all the morning，pausing________to search for the right word.
A．occasionally B．eventually
C．urgently D．conveniently
解析：选A。occasionally“有时，偶尔”；eventually“最终”；urgently“迫切地，急切地”；conveniently“方便地，便利地”。根据句意“整个上午他都在忙于写那篇故事，偶尔停下来琢磨恰当的字眼。”可知，答案为A。
④ entertaining adj. 令人愉快的；有趣的
(回归课本P55)Do you agree or disagree that advertisements are entertaining?
你同意不同意广告有趣这一说法？
【归纳总结】
(1)entertain vt.使娱乐，使快乐；招待，款待
entertain sb.to sth.用……招待/款待某人
entertain sb.with sth.用……使某人快乐(2)entertainment n.娱乐，文娱节目；招待，款待
【例句探源】
①We thought that the new play was most entertaining.
我们认为这部新剧是非常有趣的。
②She enjoys cooking and often entertains her friends.
她喜欢做饭，经常招待她的朋友吃饭。
③The entertainment was provided by a folk band.
这个文娱节目由民歌乐队演出。
④He entertained us with a stream of anecdotes about the Yukon.
他讲了一连串有关育空地区的趣事引我们开心。
7.Chinese arts have won the________of a lot of overseas people.
A．enjoyment B．appreciation
C．entertainment D．reputation
解析：选B。考查名词辨析。enjoyment“愉快，快乐”；appreciation“欣赏，赞赏，评价，感激”；entertainment“款待，娱乐”；reputation“名誉，名声”。句意：中国艺术受到许多海外人士的赞赏。由句意可知答案为B。
【即境活用】
8．完成句子
He______________________________reading all day long.
他整天以读书为乐。
答案：found an entertainment in
⑤ come out 出现；出版；开花；传出，透露；得某名次；合计
(回归课本P51) When did it come out?
这部影片是什么时候发行的？
【归纳总结】
come about 发生；产生
come after追赶或追逐
come by路过；偶然遇到；获得
come into use开始被投入使用
come over顺便访问；过来
come with与……一起供给；伴随
①My first novel came out while I was at college.
上大学时我的第一本小说出版了。
②It came out that he had been telling lies.
后来才知道他一直在说谎。
③The photos from our trip didn’t come out.
我们旅行的照片冲洗的效果不好。
④The total cost comes out at $500.
总计费用为500美元。
【例句探源】
【即境活用】
9．The dictionary is being printed and it will soon________.
A．turn out B．come out
C．start out D．go out
解析：选B。turn out 结果是；come out出版；start out 出发，动身；go out出去。根据句意“这本词典正在印刷当中，不久就会出版。”可知应选B。
10.It’s already 10 o’clock.I wonder how it________that she was two hours late on such a short trip.
A．came over B．came out
C．came about D．came up
解析：选C。come about产生；发生；come over过来；顺便拜访；come out出现；出版；come up上来；走近；长出；被提出。根据句意“已经十点钟了，我不知道这么短的路程她怎么会迟到两个小时。”可知应选C。
⑥ care about 关心；顾虑；在乎
(回归课本P53) Brave，good and strong，Xiulian is the character we care about most.
我们最关注秀莲这个角色，她勇敢、善良、坚强。
【归纳总结】
take care当心
take care of照料，处理
undaer the care of在……的照料下，在……的保护下
with care小心，慎重
care for喜欢；照料
in care of由……转交
leave sth.to the care of sb.把……交托某人照料
①Jane does not care about money.
简对钱不感兴趣。
②(高考重庆卷)I was certain that my agent didn’t care about my work，and he didn’t care about me.
我确信我的经纪人不关心我的工作，也不关心我。
③They didn’t care about the expense.
他们对费用并不在意。
【例句探源】
care about，care for
两词组都可表示“对……担心”“关心”“喜欢”。
care about侧重“在乎，在意”常用于否定句表示无所谓的态度。
care for侧重“照料”“尊重”“愿意”。
①She doesn’t care for that colour.
②As an orphan，he is cared for by the local authorities.
③I don’t care about what people have said.
【易混辨析】
【即境活用】
11.Miss Fang is very good at________the sick，so she is quite popular among the patients.
A．caring for B．caring of
C．taking care D．caring about
解析：选A。根据句意“方护士很擅长照顾病人，因此她很受病人的欢迎。”可知应选A。C选项应加of ；care about表示“在意；在乎；关心；担心”，与句意不符。
12．?Would you ________ a game of table tennis，Cathy?
?I’d love to，but I still have piles of homework to do.
A．care for B．care about
C．care to D．take care of
解析：选A。care for“喜欢”；care about“在意，担忧”；care to“想要，愿意(to是不定式符号，其后接动词原形)”；take care of“照顾，照看”由语境可知A项切题。
⑦ to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶/吃惊的是
(回归课本P52)Now，to everyone’s surprise, Ang Lee，director of a number of excellent films，has made a martial arts film called Crouching Tiger，Hidden Dragon.
令每个人惊讶的是，曾经拍了许多优秀影片的导演李安，现在拍了一部名为《卧虎藏龙》的功夫片。
【归纳总结】
(2)be surprised at...对……感到惊讶
to one’s joy/delight令某人高兴的是……
to one’s horror令某人恐惧的是……
to one’s excitement令某人兴奋的是……
to one’s sadness令某人难过的是……
to one’s disappointment令某人失望的是……
to one’s satisfaction令某人满意的是……
to one’s regret令某人遗憾的是……
to one’s relief令某人松了一口气的是……
①To my surprise，the door was unlocked.
令我惊讶的是门没有锁。
②To the surprise of me, he didn’t pass the exam.
令我感到吃惊的是，他没有通过考试。
③Much to my surprise，they offered me the job.
使我非常惊奇的是，他们把那份工作给了我。
【例句探源】
13.?Why do you look at me ________surprise?
?Because I am surprised________your news.
A．with；by B．in；at
C．at；for D．on；with
解析：选B。考查固定短语in surprise和be surprised at...分别表示“惊讶地”和“对……感到惊讶”的意思。句意为“你为什么奇怪地看着我？”“因为我对你的消息感到惊讶。”
【即境活用】
14．________，his father allowed him to watch TV after supper.
A．In surpise B．Surprised
C．To his surprise D．Surprise
解析：选C。考查固定短语to one’s surprise表示“令某人惊讶的是”，本句意为“令他感到惊讶的是，他父亲允许他晚饭后看电视。”
句型梳理
① 【教材原句】 The action takes place on Peking rooftops，and in places as far away as the deserts of western China.(P52)
打斗的场景发生在北京的屋顶和远及中国西部的沙漠。
【句法分析】 本句中的as far away as表示“远至，一直到……”。一般写作as far as。此外，as far as 还可以表示“就……而言”。
①You can see as far as the coast.
极目远眺，你可以看到海岸。
②Aa far as I am concerned，that’s wrong.
在我看来，那是错误的。
③As far as I can tell, the whole thing should cost about ￡500.据我所知的情况来判断，整件事应该要花大约500英镑。
④As far as we all know，some 13,000 volunteers，across all age brackets，in seven provinces, have taken part in A (H1N1) vaccine test.
众所周知，来自7个省份，不同年龄层的约13,000名志愿者已经投入到甲流疫苗的测试工作中。
【即境活用】
15．(高考上海卷)In ancient times，people rarely travelled long distances and most farmers only travelled________the local market.
A．longer than B．more than
C．as much as D．as far as
解析：选D。根据动词travel可判断此处应填和距离有关的词组。as far as表示“远到……”符合语境要求。
16.(高考安徽卷)Just use this room for the time being，and we’ll offer you a larger one________it becomes available.
A．as soon as B．unless
C．as far as D．until
解析：选A。句意：暂用这个房间吧，一有可能，我们就会马上给你提供一个大点的房子。本题考查连词。as soon as一……就……，引导时间状语从句。unless除非；as far as远到，至于；until直到。
② 【教材原句】 But it is generally agreed，that he，more than anyone else in the history of films，understands the meaning of the word “entertainment”．(P59)
但人们通常认为，他比电影史上任何一个人更能理解“娱乐”这个词的含义。
【句法分析】 it是形式主语，真正的主语是that he understands the meaning of the word“entertainment”这个主语从句。
①It is hoped that our children will carry on our family traditions.
期待我们的孩子能继承家族的传统。
②It is thought that the Prime Minister will visit Moscow next month.据估计首相将于下月访问莫斯科。
常见的it 作形式主语的句型归纳：
(1)名词性从句作主语时，可以用it充当形式主语，主要有以下几种结构：
It is ＋名词＋从句：这样的名词主要有 a fact, a surprise，an honor，a pity等。
It is ＋形容词＋从句：这样的形容词有 natural，true, strange，necessary，important，obvious，certain，wonderful, possible，impossible，likely等。
It ＋动词＋从句：这样的动词有seem，happen，appear，look，matter，make，occur，(突然想起)等。
It ＋be＋分词＋从句：这样的分词主要有said，reported，believed，known，decided，proved，thought，expected，announced，arranged，hoped，agreed，amusing，puzzling等。
(2)it除了可以替代主语从句外，还可以替代动词不定式或动名词作主语。主要结构如下：
It is ＋adj./n.＋(for sb.)to do sth....
It is no use/no good/useless doing sth....
③It is a pity that you missed the football match.
你错过了这场足球赛，太遗憾了！
④It is certain that free medical care will be given to most people in our city.
我们城市的多数人将享受免费医疗，这是一定的。
⑤It appeared that he had a taste for music.
看来他对音乐有一定的鉴赏力。
⑥It was amusing that a rabbit ran out of the empty box on the desk.
桌上的空盒子里竟然跑出来一只兔子，太有趣了。
⑦It is a great pleasure to talk with her.
与她交谈是很快乐的事情。
⑧It’s no use crying over spilt milk.
为洒了的牛奶哭泣是没有用的。/覆水难收。
17．(高考浙江卷)It is uncertain________side effect the medicine will bring about，although about two thousand patients have taken it.
A．that B．what
C．how D．Whether
解析：选B。句意：尽管说已经有两千名病人服用了这种药品，但是，这种药品会带来什么副作用还不明确。
【即境活用】
本题考查名词性从句。本题设空处须引导主语从句，that无实际意义，在从句中不作成份；what什么，在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语，还可修饰名词作定语；how如何，多么；在从句中作方式状语或修饰形容词；whether是否，在从句中作状语，不修饰名词。side effect 为名词短语，故须用what修饰。
18.It has been proved________eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.
A．if B．because
C．when D．that
解析：选D。句意：业已证明童年时期多吃蔬菜有助于预防晚年时一些重病的发生。句中it 作形式主语，后面从句是真正的主语，从句结构完整，故用连接词that。
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