2014届高三英语下册拓展精练检测试题及答案
英语知识复习
拓展精练 （32）
（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
A company planning to open the first hotel in space says it is on target to accept its first paying guests in 2014 despite critics questioning the investment and the length of time for the multibilliondollar project.
The Barcelonabased architects of the Galactic Suite Space Resort say it will cost $4.4 million for a threenight stay at the hotel. This price also includes an eightweek training course on an island. During their stay, guests would see the sunrise 15 times a day and travel around the world every 80 minutes.
Galactic Suite Ltd's CEO Xavier Claramunt says the project will put his company in a leading position of a new industry with a huge future ahead of it, and forecasts space travel will become common in the future. “It's very normal to think that your children, possibly within 15 years, could spend a weekend in space” he told Reuters Television.
A promising space tourism industry is beginning to take shape with construction in progress in New Mexico of Spaceport America, the world's first facility built specifically for passengers. British industrialist Richard Branson's space tours firm, Virgin Galactic, will use the facility to send tourists to space at a cost of $200,000 a ride.
Galactic Suite Ltd, set up in 2007, hopes to start its project with a single pod (分离舱) in orbit 280 miles above the earth. “It will take a day and a half to reach the pod, and the passengers will join it for three days,” Claramunt said. More than 200 people have expressed an interest in traveling to the space hotel and at least 43 people have already reserved it.
The numbers are similar for Virgin Galactic with 300 people already paid or signed up for the trip, but unlike Branson, Galactic Suite says they will use Russian rockets to transport their guests into space from a spaceport to be built on an island in the Caribbean. But critics have questioned the project, saying the length of time that will be used is unreasonable and also where the money is coming from to support the project.
1. What's Xavier Claramunt's attitude towards the space tourism industry?
A.Quite critical. B.Slightly worried.
C.Highly optimistic. D.Fully satisfied.
2 Virgin Galactic's guests will be transported into space by using rockets produced in________.
A.Spain B.America
C.Britain D.Russia
3. Which of the following is one of the critics' concerns about this project?
A.It is hard to ensure the safety of tourists.
B.There are many technical difficulties.
C.It will be a waste of resources.
D.It may lack support in money.
4. According to the passage, traveling to the space hotel ________.
A.will soon be possible for common people
B.has attracted the attention of some people
C.will make a large profit for the tourist industry
D.is considered an industry with a huge future by many people
5. What's the best title for the passage?
A.The world's first space hotel is to open in 2014.
B.The world's first commercial spaceport is being built.
C.Space tourism：a surprising new industry.
D.Space travel will become common in 15 years.
B
“Benjamin Franklin,” Walter Isaacson tells us at the beginning of his long (but never boring) new biography, “is the founding father who winks at us.” By that, Isaacson explains, he means Franklin is the most human?and most modern?of the men who shaped the American republic. We admire Washington, Jefferson and Adams, but they remain creatures of the 18th century. The man we encounter in “Benjamin Franklin”?funny, pragmatic and selfaware ? seems like one of us, or at least someone we'd like to be.
Unlike Washington's cherry tree, Franklin's kite was real. His experiments with electricity made him one of the great scientists of his day. He was a middleclass businessman whose success as a printer and a journalist allowed him to retire at 42?and he devoted the rest of his life to his country. He was diplomat who persuaded the French to back the American Revolution and the author of the first great American autobiography. He was an excellent swimmer. There was almost nothing he couldn't do well, except write poetry. But what truly distinguished Franklin was his talent of being great and human at the same time. He owned slaves as a younger man, but in his last years became an abolitionist(废奴主义者).When he fathered an illegitimate(私生的) son, he acknowledged his fatherhood and took the responsibility of raising the boy.
He seems strange today in the joy he took in compiling and creating all those self- improvement maxims he published in Poor Richard's Almanac(年鉴) ? “early to bed, early to rise” and so on. Generations of lazy boys could have been happier without that. But he was no hypocrite(伪君子). Isaacson tells us Franklin practiced what he preached, and often laughed at himself while he did so.
By a happy accident, this is the second excellent biography of Franklin to appear in two years, after Edmund S.Morgan's inspiring “Benjamin Franklin.”
6. What type of literature does this passage belong to?
A.Research paper. B.Book review.
C. Biography. D.Short story.
7. The underlined word “maxims” in Paragraph 3 probably means________.
A.proverbs B.standards
C.requests D.orders
8. With the fact that Franklin shouldered the responsibilities of raising his illegitimate son, the author wants to prove that________.
A.Franklin had made a big fortune in his business before he got devoted to polities
B.Franklin might be the only parent to support the child at that time
C.Franklin was a great man who seems human to us
D.Franklin was improving his character when he got on in ages
9. The underlined word “himself” in Paragraph 3 refers to________.
A.Richard's Almanac B.Walter isaacson
C.anyone of the readers. D.Benjamin Franklin
10. In which part of a magazine can we most probably find this article?
A.Society and the Arts. B.Current Affairs.
C.Business Report. D.Advertisement.
C
Many private institutions of higher education around the country are in danger. Not all will be saved, and perhaps not all deserve to be saved. There are low-quality schools just as there are low-quality businesses. We have no duty to save them simply because they exist.
But many promising institutions that deserve to continue are threatened. They are doing a fine job educationally, but they are caught in a financial squeeze, with no way to reduce rising cost or increase income significantly. Raising tuition doesn’t bring in more income, for each time tuition goes up, the enrollment goes down, or the amount that must be given away in student aid goes up. Schools are bad businesses, whether public or private, not usually because of mismanagement but because of the nature of the enterprise. They lose money on every customer, and they can go bankrupt either from too few students or too many students. Even a very good college is a very bad business.
It is such colleges, promising but threatened, that I worry about. Low enrollment is not their chief problem. Even with full enrollment, they may go under. Efforts to save them, and preferably to keep them private, are a national necessity. There is no basis for arguing that private schools are inherently (固有地) better than public schools. There are many examples to the contrary. Anyone can name state universities and colleges that rank as the finest in the nation and the world. It is now inevitable that public institutions will be dominant, and therefore diversity is a national necessity. Diversity in the way we support schools tends to give us a healthy diversity in the forms of education. In an imperfect society such as ours, uniformity of education throughout the nation could be dangerous, In an imperfect society, diversity is a positive good. Supporters of public higher education know the importance of sustaining private higher education.
11.According to the author’s opinion schools are bad businesses because of ________.
A. mismanagementB. too few students
C. too many studentsD. the nature of schools
12. The author used the phrase “go under” (Sentence 3, Para. 3) to mean ________.
A. get into difficultiesB. have low enrollment
C. have low tuitionD. bring in more money
1 3 We can reasonably conclude from this passage that the author made an appeal to the public in order to support _______
A. public institutionsB. private schools
C. uniformity of educationD. high quality of education
14. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. High-quality private schools deserve to be saved.
B. If the tuition is raised, the enrollment goes down.
C. There are many cases to show that public schools are better that private schools.
D. Private schools have more money than public schools.
15. Which of the following ways could possibly save private schools?
A. Raising tuition.B. Full enrollment.
C. National awareness and support.D. Reduction of rising cost.
D
They may be just passing your office, computer bag slung (悬挂) over one shoulder. Or they may be sitting in a car outside it, causally tapping away at a laptop. They look like innocent passers-by. In fact, they are stealing your corporate secrets.
Drive-by hacking is the trendy term given to the practice of breaking into wireless computer networks from outside the buildings that house them. A recent study in the UK, sponsored by RSA Data Security, found that two-thirds of organizations with wireless networks were risking their data in this way. Security experts patrolled (巡逻) several streets in the City of London seeking evidence of wireless networks in operation.
Of 124 that they identified, 83 were sending data without encrypting（加密） them. Such data could readily be picked up by a passer-by armed only with a portable computer, a wireless modem and a few pieces of software that can be freely down-loaded from the Internet.
The data could include sensitive company documents containing valuable information. Or they could be e-mail identities and passwords that could be used by hackers to log into corporate networks as if they were legal users.
Most companies using wireless networking technology do not take even the simplest of precautions to protect their data. Nearly all wireless network technology comes with some basic security features that need only to be activated in order to give a minimum level of security, for example, by encrypting the data being passed over the network.
Raymon Kruck, business development manager at Check Point Software, a security technology specialist, believes this could be partly a psychological problem. People see the solid walls of their building as safeguards and forget that wireless networks can extend up to 200 meters beyond physical walls.
Companies without any security at all on their wireless networks make it ridiculously easy for hackers to break in. Switching on the security that comes with the network technology should be automatic. Then there are other basic steps a company can take, says Mr. Kruck, such as changing the passwords on the network from the default (默认) setting.
Companies can also install firewalls, which form a barrier between the internal network and the public Internet. They should also check their computer records regularly to spot any abnormal activity, which might betray the presence of a hacker.
16. According to the study sponsored by RSA Data Security, two thirds of the subjects _______.
A.had their corporate data stolen
B.depended on wireless computer networks
C.were exposed to drive-by hacking
D.were unaware of the risk of wireless hacking
17Which of the following is not considered in the study?
A.The number of wireless hacking incidents.
B.The number of wireless computer networks.
C.The way in which data are sent and received.
D.The way in which data are hacked and stolen.
18.Most wireless network technology comprises _________.
A.data encryption programsB. password security programs
C.illegal-user detectionD. virus-intrusion detection
19.Raymond Kruck most probably agrees that wireless network security involves ________.
A. wireless signal administrationB.changes in user’s awareness
C.users’ psychological healthD.stronger physical walls
20.Without firewalls, companies using wireless networks __________.
A.cannot operate normallyB.should turn to passwords
C.will be easily attacked by hackersD.can still spot the activities of hackers
第二节 信息匹配（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
请阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。
首先，请阅读下面有关购车的五条建议：
A. Don't assume that the sticker price is the purchase price.
To get the lowest price, go in with a starting price that's based not on the sticker price but on how much the dealer paid for the vehicle. A reasonable price to start negotiations is either 4 to 8 percent over what the dealer paid or the CR Wholesale Price, depending on the demand for the model.
B. Do your homework.
Thoroughly research your choices. Read a variety of reviews. Check the reliability, safety, fuel economy, and pricing of any models you're considering. And don't wait until the day you plan to buy to test drive the vehicles. If you have a trade-in, know its approximate worth. That will depend on the vehicle's age, condition, mileage, and equipment, as well as where you trade it in.
C. Negotiate one thing at one time.
Make clear that you want the lowest possible mark-up over your starting price. Add that you intend to visit other dealerships selling the same vehicle and will buy from the dealer with the best price. Only after you've settled on the price should you discuss financing, leasing, or a trade-in, as necessary. Negotiate each item individually. Remember, you're in charge and can leave at any time. Heading for the door can sometimes jump-start a slow-moving negotiation or bring a lower offer.
D. Don't pay for extras you don't need.
Don't accept those unnecessary services and fees. If the items are on the bill of sale, put a line through them. Vehicle bodies are already coated to protect against rust. And CR reliability surveys show that rust is not a major problem with modern cars. You can treat upholstery and apply paint protectant yourself with good off-the-shelf products. You can also do your own VIN etching with a kit that costs about $25.
E. Other costs.
In addition to the vehicle price, you need to consider other costs, including: Sales tax; Registration fees; Insurance premiums Taxes and registration fees can increase your out-of-pocket cost by as much as 10 percent or more, and driving a car that’s worth more than your current one will cost more to insure. Be sure to check with your insurance agent or get insurance quotes online so you understand what you’re getting into.
F. Arrange financing in advance.
Compare interest rates at several banks, credit unions, and loan organizations before checking the dealer's rates. If pre-approved for a loan, you can keep financial arrangements out of the negotiations. Automakers may offer attractive financing terms, but make sure you qualify for them.
请结合以上建议，与下面的情形进行匹配。
21. Many dealerships prey on the unprepared. Going into a showroom “cold”-- without having gathered key facts and preliminary(初步的) pricing figures -- gives the salesperson too much control over the buying process.
22. The dealer invoice price is commonly available on Web sites and in pricing guides. But the invoice price isn't necessarily what the dealer paid. There are often behind-the-scenes bonuses（幕后红利）, such as dealer incentives and holdbacks, that give the dealer more profit margin.
23. Salespeople like to mix financing, leasing, and trade-in negotiations together, often asking you to negotiate around a monthly payment figure. This tactic gives the dealer more latitude to offer you a favorable figure in one area while inflating figures in another.
24. The salesperson may try to sign you up for a higher rate than you could get elsewhere.
25. Dealers often try to sell you extras such as rust proofing, fabric protection, and paint protection or push etching your Vehicle Identification Number on windows to deter thieves.
参考答案
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