Unit 5 Nelson andela- a modern hero
语言要点（模块）
单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）
词汇
部分词语
辨析1. fight for/against/with
2. reward / award
3. accept / receive
4. since / because / as / for
词形
变化1. cruel adj. 残暴的, 残忍的cruelty n. 残暴, 残忍
2. hope n. v.希望; 期望hopeful adj. 有希望的, 顺利的, 有前途的hopeless adj. 没有希望的; 令人绝望的
3. educate vt. 教育education n. 教育; 教育体制educated adj. 受过教育的; 受过训练的
重点
单词1. devote vt. 投入；献身
2. vote v. 投票（决定）；选举 n. 投票, 选票,表决, 得票数
3. reward n. 报酬，奖金vt. 酬谢，给以报答
4. equal adj. 平等的；相等的
5. advise v. 建议
重点
词组1.be in prison 在狱中，被监禁
2.out of work 失业,出问题
3.lose heart 丧失勇气或信心
重点句子1.We were put in a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the Government.
2.Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
重点语法定语从句 （见语法部分）
Ⅰ 词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料)
1. fight for/against/with
【解释】
fight for/against/with
fight for 为……而斗争；努力争取
fight against 与……作斗争
fight with 和……并肩作战，和……打仗/打架/斗争
【练习】用正确的fight短语填空
1). We will have to ________ difficulties.
2). They told the workers to _________ their rights.
3). During World War II, the British _________ Frenchmen against Germans.
eys:1). fight against2). fight for 3). fought with
2. reward / award
【解释】
award用作名词时，意为“奖品”、“奖金”、“奖”;
reward作名词时，作“报酬”、“奖励”、“报答”讲。
【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). The film ________ are presented annually．
2). A __________ was offered for the return of the passport．
eys: 1). awards2). reward
3. accept / receive
【解释】
accept (接受)表示主观上乐意接受。还表示“答应”、“同意”、“认同”
receive (收到,得到), 表示客观收到, 还不能断定是否接受。还表示“接待”、“接收”、“欢迎”
【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
I ________ his letter of invitation, but I didn't ________ it.
eys:received…accept
4. since / because / as / for
【解释】
since =now that 意为“由于,既然”,常表示已知的或大家都清楚的原因。
because表语气最强, 经常表听者不知的原因,它能回答why的提问。
as 可和because互换,但语气不够它强,也不能回答why的提问。
for 是并列连词,与后面的分句对前一句话起到补充说明的作用,其前常有逗号隔开。
【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). I can’t go _________ I’m ill.
2). ________ the rain has stopped, let’s go out for a walk.
3). ________ I’m leaving tomorrow, I’ve bought you a gift.
4). It must have rained last night, ________ the ground is wet.
eys: 1). because2). Since 3). As 4). for
II词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料）
1. cruel adj. 残暴的, 残忍的cruelty n. 残暴, 残忍
2. hope n. v.希望; 期望hopeful adj. 有希望的, 顺利的, 有前途的hopeless adj. 没有希望的; 令人绝望的
3. educate vt. 教育education n. 教育; 教育体制educated adj. 受过教育的; 受过训练的
【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空
1) She is a highly ________ woman (educate)
2) Parents should _________ their children to behave well. (educate)
3） A child receives its early _________ at home. (educate)
4） any a young _________ went to Hollywood. (hope)
5） Our ________ for fine weather were not disappointed. (hope)
6） ost of the students are making good progress but Jeremy seems a ________ case. (hope)
7) Don't be ________ to animals. (cruel)
8) He saw a lot of _________ in the prison camp. (cruel)
eys: 1) educated2) educate3) education4) hopeful
5) hopes 6) hopeless7) cruel 8) cruelty
Ⅲ重点词汇 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1. devote vt. 投入；献身
[典例]
1). He devoted himself entirely to music. 他将一生奉献给了音乐。
2). ary devoted her life to caring for the sick. 玛丽献身于为病人服务。
[重点用法]
devote… to… 献身于；专心于
在devote… to…短语中，to是介词，后面接名词或动词-ing。常见的类似短语还有：
pay attention to（注意……）; stick to（坚持……）; lead to（导致……）; prefer…to（相比……更喜欢……）; look forward to（盼望……）;
[练习] 中译英
1). 她深爱她的孩子。
2). 我们应全力以赴地工作。
eys: 1). She is devoted to her children.
2). We should devote all our efforts to our tasks.
2. vote v. 投票（决定）；选举 n. 投票, 选票,表决, 得票数
[典例]
1). We voted Democrat in the last election. 我们在上次的选举中投了民主党的票。
2). We’ll listen to the arguments on both sides and then vote on it.
我们会先听取双方的论证后再作表决。
3). The votes are still being counted. 选票仍在统计中。
[重点用法]
vote down 投票否决；投票击败vote in 投票选出；选举
vote through 表决通过put… to the vote 将……付诸表决
take/have a vote on 对……进行表决vote for/against 投票赞成/反对
[练习]用恰当的介词或副词填空。
1). The suggestion was voted by a large majority.
2). Shall we take a vote the question?
3). The issue was put the vote.
4). Was the vote or the matter?
eys:
1). through 2).on 3). to 4). for; against
3. reward n. 报酬，奖金vt. 酬谢，给以报答
[典例]
1). He worked hard but without much reward. 他工作很努力，但是报酬很少。
2). He rewarded me with a prize. 他用一个奖励报答我。
[重点用法]
in reward (for…) 作为（对……的）报酬、报答
give a reward to sb. for sth. 为……给某人报酬、赏金
reward sb. for (doing) sth. 因……报答、奖赏某人
reward sb. with sth. 用……报答、奖赏某人
[练习] 中译英
1). 她的善良没有得到任何回报。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 她向他报之以一笑。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
eys: 1). She got nothing in reward for her kindness.
2). She rewarded him with a smile.
4. equal adj. 平等的；相等的
[典例]
1). Women demand equal pay for equal work. 女性要求同等工作获同等报酬。
2). All people are born equal. 人人生平等。
[重点用法]
be equal to 与……相等
be equal with 与……平等
[练习] 中译英
1). 一单位酒精等于半品脱啤酒。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 他们认为，在上帝眼中穷人和富人是平等的。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
eys: 1). One unit of alcohol is equal to half a pint of beer.
2). They believe that in the sight of God the poor are equal with the rich.
5. advise v. 建议
[典例]
1). I have advised you on that subject. 在那个问题上，我给过你建议.
2). Christie advises us to practise oral English as often as possible. Christie建议我们要尽可能多练口语.
3). I advise that you (should) not eat fruit that isn’t ripe. 我建议你不要吃那些没有熟的水果.
[重点用法]
advise sb. on sth. 就……给某人出主意advise +n. /pron. 建议……
advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人干……advise (one’s) doing sth. 建议（某人）干……
advise + (that) sb. (should) do
advice n. 建议；意见
a piece of advice 一条建议
go to sb. for advice = ask sb. for advice 向某人寻求建议；征询某人的意见
give advice to sb. on sth. 就……对某人提供建议
follow sb’s advice = take sb’s advice 接受某人的建议
[练习] 中译英
1). 我建议换个方式。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 我们建议他们应该及早开始。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
eys: 1).I'd advise taking a different approach.
2). We advised that they should start early/advised them to start early.
Ⅳ 重点词组 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1. be in prison 在狱中，被监禁
[典例]
1). He fought for the black people and was in prison for thirty years.
他为黑人而战且坐过三十年牢。
2). He has been in prison for five years for stealing. 因为偷东西, 他曾在监狱呆过5年.
[短语归纳]
put…in prison = send…to prison = throw …into prison 把……投入监狱
The car thieves have been put in prison. 那些偷车贼都被关进监狱了。
[练习] 用be, put, send, throw的恰当形式填空。
1). The lawyer finally the murderer into prison.
2). The robber in prison for several years.
3). The thief begged the guard for not him to prison.
4). Last year, the man in prison for stealing a car.
eys: 1). threw 2). has been 3). sending 4). was put
2. out of work 失业,出问题
[典例]
1). Jim has been out of work for several months. 吉姆已经失业几个月了。
2). ary’s cell phone has been out of work for several days, which brought her a lot of inconvenience. 玛丽的手机坏了好几天了，这给她带了很多不便。
[短语归纳]
in work 有工作
out of breath 上气不接下气 out of patience 不耐烦
out of use 没用了 out of date 过时
out of order 次序颠倒；出故障 out of control 失控
out of danger 脱离危险 out of shape 变形
Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见, 心不烦。
[练习]用适当的介词（短语）填空。
1). Although my computer is date now, but it’s still use.
2). After fours’ operation, the patient has been danger.
eys: 1). out of; in 2). out of
3. lose heart 丧失勇气或信心
[典例]
1). He failed many times, but he didn’t lose heart. 他失败了许多次，但他并没有失去信心。
2). No matter what you do, never lose heart. 不管你做什么，千万不要失去信心。
[短语归纳]
lose one's job 失业 lose one's balance 失去平衡
lose one's breath上气不接下气 lose one's heart (to sb/sth) 爱上
lose one's life 丧生; 遇害 lose face 丢脸; 受屈辱
[练习] 中译英
1). 不要失去信心，一切都会好起的。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 她喜欢上了一位年轻士兵。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
eys: 1). Don’t lose heart, all will turn out well.
2). She lost her heart to a young soldier.
V 重点句子 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）
1. We were put in a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the Government.
我们被置于这样一种境地，或者是被迫承认我们低人一等，或者是与政府作斗争。
[解释] 这是一个主从复合句，in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词position。
类似的名词还有situation, stage, case等，作先行词时，可用where引导定语从句
Can you think of a situation where you once felt embarrassed?
拓展：
介词+关系代词which在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因状语，相当于关系副词when, where和why。
He is the boss of the restaurant where （= in which） we often have lunch.
Today when （= on which） the product will be put into use will come soon.
The reason why（= for which） he was late for school was unbelievable.
[练习] 中译英
1). 你能想起让你尴尬的情形吗？
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 他迟到的原因令人难以置信。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
eys:
1). Can you think of a situation where you once felt embarrassed?
2). The reason why(= for which) he was late for school was unbelievable.
新 标 第 一 网
2. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 只是在那时我们才决定以暴力对暴力。
[解释]当only修饰状语位于句首时，句子采用部分倒装的结构, 将助动词或系动词提前，放在主语前。
Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 只是在那时我们才决定以暴力对暴力。
Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth, which was a big surprise to him.
昨天他父亲才把真相告诉他, 这对他真是个令人吃惊的消息.
Only by shouting was he able to make people on the other side of the river hear him.
他只有靠大声喊才能使河对岸的人们听到他的声音。
[练习] 中译英
1). 昨天他父亲才把真相告诉他, 这对他真是个令人吃惊的消息。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 他只有靠大声喊才能使河对岸的人们听到他的声音。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
eys:
1). Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth, which was a big surprise to him.
2). Only by shouting was he able to make people on the other side of the river hear him.
单元自测 （模块）
1完形填空
阅读下面短，掌握其大意，然后从21—30各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
字数：214完成时间：14分钟难度：**
On eeping a Diary in English
eeping a diary in English is one of the effective ways to improve our English writing ability. Compared with other forms of writing, it is 21 and takes less time. It can help us to develop the habit of thinking in English. If we 22 to this practice, gradually, we'll learn how to express ourselves in English. In keeping a diary in English, we certainly 23 up against a lot of difficulties. In the first place, it often happens that we have trouble finding 24 words and phrases to give 25 to our mind. Secondly, there are many idiomatic ways of saying things in Chinese. And it is extremely 26 for us to put them into English properly. Surely, there are some other 27 we may come across in keeping a diary in English.
As far as I am concerned, my suggestion is that we should always have a(n) 28 and a Chinese-English dictionary within easy 29 . Whenever something beats us, we can put it down in our notebook and then consult our dictionary. We can also 30 to English teachers for help, if necessary. In short, I believe that it is of great use to keep a diary in English for the development of our writing skills.
21. A. longer B. shorter C. thicker D. better
22. A. insist B. stick C. contribute D. refer
23. A. run B. bring C. come D. turn
24. A. approximate B. appropriate C. appreciative D. approachable
25. A. idea B. advice C. expression D. explanation
26. A. easy B. hard C. good D. bad
27. A. roadblocks B. methods C. ways D. objects
28. A. pen B. backpack C. eraser D. notebook
29. A. hand B. sight C. reach D. ability
30. A. run B. turn C. fly D. oppose
答案：
21．B．下提到需要更少的时间，所以应该是比较短而不是更长或者更厚，这里没有比较质量问题，所以不可能是“更好”。
22．B．考察动词短语。根据意义，应该用stick to表示坚持。insist on坚持；contribute to对……有贡献；refer to参考；谈到；涉及。
23．A. 考察动词短语。run up against遭遇<困难)；bring up抚养；come up against面对；遭到……的反对。
24．B．根据上提到的写英语日记的困难，应该是“在找合适的词语时会有困难。”
25．C. 写英语日记的目的是为了提高写作技巧，提高自我表达能力，因此应该是在找合适的词语进行，自我表达。
26．B．这段话的大意是在谈论写英语日记的困难或者会遇到的问题，所以可确定答案是hard．
27．A. roadblocks障碍。从上和there are some other可以看出这里是说：还有其他的困难／障碍，重要的信息词是：other。
28．D. 从下We can put it down in our notebook and then consult our dictionary可以直接找到信息。
29．C. 根据句子的意义和搭配：within (one's) reach 可以确定选项。
30．B．turn to sb for help向某人求助。
2语法填空
阅读下面短，按照句子结构的语法性和上下连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31-40的相应位置上。
字数：147完成时间：9分钟难度：***
Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is 31 mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is 32 there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more 33 (disagree) in interest, and more groups and organizations 34 different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in 35 (mix) societies. 36 these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision. In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are 37 (few) occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because 38 seems to be the same. And 39 conditions may not be satisfactory, 40 are at least customary and doubtless.
答案：
31．a 32．that 33．disagreements 34．with 35．mixed 36．All 37．fewer 38．everything 39．although 40．they
本讲的是不同种类的人融合在一起的社会较人们在许多方面具有相似观点的社会变化更快：
31．a．指“一种”有各种不同人的混合型社会。
32．that在 the reason for／why…is that…句型中，习惯上用that引导表语从句。
33．disagreements．在there are后与ideas并列一定是名词，且也要用复数表示“不同意见”。
34．with．指“具有”不同信仰的群体或组织。
35．mixed．因societies与mix是被动关系，用动词的－ed形式作定语，表示“混合的”。
36．All．指上述提到的“所有”这些因素都会促使社会变化。
37．fewer．指在“人们在许多方面具有相似观点的社会”较在“不同人混合的社会里”，人们觉得有必要改变的机会“更少”。
38．everything．everything在原因状语从句中作主语，表示“一切、所有事情”。
39．a1though/ though．由前后两个分句的逻辑意义可知填表示“尽管，虽然”的连词。
40．they．指前面的conditions。
3阅读理解
阅读下列短，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
词数：308难度： **时间：6 分钟
Electrical devices (仪器) could soon use power made by human energy. Scientists say they have developed an experimental device that produces electricity from the physical movement of a person walking. British scientist ax Donelan and other scientists in Canada and the United States developed the device.
The device connects to a person's knee. As the person walks, the device captures energy each time the person slows down. To do this, the device helps with the slowing down movement of the leg. The movements of the walking person push parts of a small machine that produces electricity. Using the device, an adult walking quickly could produce thirteen watts of electricity in just a minute. Donelan says walking at that speed could produce enough power to operate a laptop computer for six minutes.
There are several possible uses for the device. Developers say it could help people who work in areas without electricity to operate small computers. The device could also be used in hospitals to operate heart pacemakers (起搏器). It could even be used to assist in the movement of robotic arms and legs.
The experimental version of the device weighs about one and a half kilograms, but it is too costly for most people to buy. But the researchers hope to make a lighter, less costly version. An improved version should be ready in one year.
The developers hope the device will one day help developing countries. Nearly twenty-five percent of people around the world live without electric power.
A similar product was invented in 2005 by Larry Rome of the University of Pennsylvania. He created a bag carried on a person's back that also produces power from walking. The knee device does not produce as much electricity as the bag. But the bag requires the walker to carry a load of twenty to thirty kilograms.
41. The second paragraph mainly talks about _______.
A. who developed the device
B. how the device works
C. several possible uses for the devices
D. how much electricity the device can produce
42. What is the disadvantage of the experimental version of the device?
A. It is too heavy for the walker to bear.
B. It is too complex for people to use.
C. It will slow down one's walking speed.
D. It is too dear for most people to afford.
43. Compared with the device designed by Larry Rome, this new device _______.
A. produces power without adding more loads to the walker
B. can produce more power in a much shorter time
C. needs to be equipped with a battery
D. can help the walker walk faster
44. From the passage, we can learn that the electrical device can _______.
A. help housewives operate the micro-wave oven
B. make it much easier for us to go online
C. produce more electricity than that invented by Larry Rome
D. be applied in medicine to operate heart pacemakers
45. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. First device powered by walking will soon be on the market
B. Advanced technology brings in a neay to operate heart pacemakers
C. Device gives new meaning to the idea of power walking
D. Human energy will become a main source of electricity
A 篇
科学家研制出一种固定在人膝盖上的发电装置。这种装置可通过收集人走路时损失的能量发电。
41. B。段落大意题。第二段主要讲了这种电子装置的工作原理，即它是如何利用人步行发电的。
42. D。细节推断题。根据第四段中的it is too costly for most people to buy可知这种实验版的设备费用太高，大多数人买不起。
43. A。推理判断题。根据末段可知，过去Larry Rome发明的设备虽然也是靠行走获取能量，但是需要步行者背重达20到30公斤的负荷，而这种佩戴在膝盖上的设备重量只有1.5公斤，不需增加步行者的太多负担。
44. D。细节理解题。根据第3段the device could also be used in hospitals to operate heart pacemakers可直接选出答案D项。A项中没有涉及到，B项表述不科学，根据最后一段可以推断C项表述错误。
45. C。归纳标题题。主要突出的内容是这种新的电子设备使得利用人步行获取能量变得轻松、容易。
4写作训练
[写作内容]
一个英国中学生代表团访问你校，你作为学生代表向访者口头介绍神舟七号发射的相关情况，介绍内容要点如下：
1．神舟七号宇宙飞船于2008年9月25日晚上9：10分升空。
2．这是中国的第三次载人飞行。飞船成功地将三人小组送人太空，小组中的翟志刚进行了我国首次太空行走。
3．太空行走在北京时间2008年9月27日下午进行，持续大约26分钟。之后宇航员返回地球。
4．这次太空飞行任务持续了四天，它将有助于中国掌握两颗卫星的对接技术(technology for，docking two orbiters)。
5．中国成为继前苏联、美国之后世界上第三个能够实现太空行走的国家。
6．我们为此感到骄傲。
[写作要求]
只能使用5个句子表达全部内容。开头和结尾已经给出。
[评分标准]
句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇结构连贯。
Dear friends,
Welcome to our school！It' s a great honor for me to say something about China' s Shenzhou VII-spaceship.
________________________________________________________________________________
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That's all. Thank you！
[答案]
Dear friends,
Welcome to our school ! It' s a great honor for me to say something about China' s Shenzhou VII spaceship. China' s Shenzhou VII spaceship took off at 9:10 pm on Sep 25, 2008. It was China' s third manned space journey, which successfully launched a three-man crew into the space where one of them, Zhai Zhigang, made China' s first spacewalk. On Sep 27, Zhai Zhigang successfully made a 26-minute spacewalk and then the astronauts returned to Earth. The 4-day journey is expected to help China master the technology for docking two orbiters. The success of Shenzhou VII has made China the third country in the world that has made spacewalk after the former Soviet Union and the USA, so we all take pride in it.
That' s all. Thank you !
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