情态动词类知识点
1. 可说Yes, of course you could.吗
—Could I use your dictionary?
—Yes, of course you ______.
A. canB. couldC. mightD. must
此题应选 A。不要受问句could的影响而选B。用情态动词(can, could, may, might)表示许可, 注意以下几点:
1. 表示请求允许(即请求别人允许自己做某事), 可用can
(=may), 也可用could(=might)。注意:若用could(=might), 并不表过去, 而表现在, 只是语气较委婉。如:
Can [Could] I make a suggestion? 我可提个建议吗?
2. 表示给予允许(即自己允许别人做某事), 一般只用can(=may), 而不能用 could, might:
A:Can [Could, May, Might] I use your phone? 我可以用一下你的电话吗?
B:Yes, of course you can [may]. (正)
B:Yes, of course you could [might]. (误)
3. 但是在间接引语中的过去式动词后, 可用could, might(此时为过去式)来表示给予的允许:He said that I might[could] borrow his car. 他说我可以借他的车。
4. 在过去时态中, could可用来表示一般性的允许, 但不能表示特定的允许:
When I was at home, I could watch TV whenever Iwanted to. 我在家时, 想哪时看电视就哪时看。
I was allowed to go there yesterday. 昨天允许我去了那儿。(特定允许——不能用could)
2. 你知道was able to与could的区别吗
The fire spread through the hotel quickly but everyone ______ get out.
A. had toB. wouldC. couldD. was able to
此题应选D。容易误选C(could)。这里主要涉及could与was able to的用法和区别:
1. 表示过去一般性能力时 (即某人想干什么就能干什么能力), 两者都可用:
He could [was able to] run very fast when he wasa boy. 他小时候跑得很快。
2. 表示过去特定的能力 (即某人在某一具体场合做某事的能力, 往往暗示经过努力才具备的能力), 通常用was(were)able to,也可用managed to do sth或succeeded in doingsth, 但是不能用 could:
他学习很努力, 所以考试及了格。
正:He worked very hard and was able to [managed to] pass his examination.
误:He worked very hard and could pass his his examination.
正因为此原因, 所以上面一题的答案用 ...was able toget out, 而不用...could get out, 因为此题谈及的是一种特定场合的具体能力。
但值得注意的是, 以上用法只适合于肯定句, 若在否定句中, 则可用couldn’t代替 wasn’t [weren’t] able to:
He worked hard but wasn’t able to[couldn’t] passthe exam. 他学习很努力, 但考试却未能及格。
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