高中英语听力答题技巧专题

编辑: 逍遥路 关键词: 高中英语 来源: 高中学习网


听力测试特点

听力测试部分占整套英语试卷中总分的五分之一。可以说听力测试的成败关系到英语科目的成败。同学们普遍认为只要把原文听懂,就可以选出正确答案。诚然,听懂原文是关键,但如何有效地听懂原文?听完后如何选择?在这一系列过程中,有无可遵循的有效策略帮助学生提高选择的正确率呢?

听力测试材料特点:

1. 明确的语境:听力测试内容表现的是真实的生活情景,涉及生活的各个层面。如:购物、问路、看医生、谈论天气(球赛)、聚会、邀请等等。

2. 明显的口语特征:自然而地道的口头语;大量能表现口头交谈时说话人的不同情绪的感叹词;多次出现停顿、重复、省略、重音;或自己打断(纠正)自己等人们讲话时特有的一些语言特点。如:“Excuse me, can/may I…” ,“It’s great seeing you here.”,“I mean…”,“Great idea”,“well”,“so”,“say”…

3. 平易的文字与简短的句子结构:整个材料中没有生僻、超纲的词汇,都是最常用的简单的词语。句子结构简单基本都是简单句。(因此只要平时注意练习,自信,听力部分得分还是很容易的)

试题设置特点:主要有四个方面:

1)主旨大意题:要求考生听懂语段的主要内容,对对话有一个全面的领会和整体的把握。往往不会出现明确的提示。这类题较难。一般设题 1-2 道。例如:

M: Well, I’d better be getting home now. It’s been great seeing you again.

W: Oh, it was nice seeing you too.

Q: What are the speakers doing?

A. Enjoying meeting each other.

B. Saying Good Bye to each other.

C. Planning to see each other again.

材料中并没有出现“Bye, Good bye, see you, …”等告别的词语。只有综合全部对话内容,并且抓住表述时态的关键词it was nice seeing you too,才获知“他们在告别”。正确答案 B。

2)事实题:此类题要求考生听懂语段中的某个具体事实,如:时间、地点、人物、原因、目的、结果、数量、频率、价格、比较、筛选等这类题较容易,其选项往往是一个词或一个短语,可以从对话或独白中直接找到答案。但有些事实却要求对材料中的相关事实信息进行加工,才能选定答案。往往是设题最多的项目(设题5-8道)。

例:W: Can I come to see you at ten, Professor Brown?

M: I’m sorry, Susan. I’m meeting my students then. Why not come half an hour later?

Q: when should Susan go to meet professor?

A. At 10:00 B. At 10:30 C. At 11:00

关键是两点:Can I come to see you at ten? ;Why not come half an hour later? 正确答案B。

3)细节题:此类题要求考生听懂语段中的某个具体细节,但有时细节是一些隐藏信息。一般设题 5-6 道。例如:

W: So, how long have you been here?

M: Just a couple of days actually. I’m on a big journey. You know, I’m visiting all the places of interest here.

Q: What’s the man doing?

A. He’s working in a hotel.

B. He’s visiting a young couple

C. He’s traveling around.

根据 I’m visiting all the places of interest here. 便可得出正确答案 C。

例如:原听力录音材料

Last summer I went on business to the small mountain village. Just before the day I was about to return, it rained heavily. The road was washed away. I could do nothing but telephone the boss. He said “just enjoy your holiday there”.

Q1.Why was “I” in the small village?

A. to repair the bridge B. to have a holiday C. to work

Q2. When can “I” return?

A.The rain stopped.

B.The road was repaired.

C. The holiday was over.

听的时候着力捕捉有用的信息,抓关键词。这里应抓住 on business, 1 小题答案选 C;再抓住 The road was washed away. 确定 2 小题的答案为 B。

听力测试题所选的短文(独白)大部分是记叙文,通常围绕 what,who,when,where,which,why 这几方面来设计考题。听时一定要集中精力,抓住关键词,切勿连蒙带猜“碰运气”。

4)推理判断题:这类题要求在掌握整个语段材料内容的基础上对多种相关信息(包括说话人的语调、语气)进行综合分析并推理判断出对话、独白的背景,谈话者的相互关系,以及他们各自的意图、观点和态度。一般设题 6-7 道。例如:

M: May I help you?

W: Yes, I’d like to try on some sports jackets. I prefer something like the one I’m wearing.

Q: Where are the two speakers?

A. In a department store

B. In a clothes factory

C. On a playground.

根据售货员对顾客打招呼的用语 May I help you? 及顾客的回答 I’d like to try on some sports jackets. 来推断这段话是发生在百货商店。答案 A。

听力测试的应对技巧

高考英语听力测试旨在考查考生理解口头英语的能力。第一节共 5 段简短对话,每段一个小题,录音只播一遍。第二节共 5 段对话或独白,共 15 小题,录音放两遍。总体时间20 分钟稍多一些。很多情况下并非能力上不行,而是心理上过分紧张,从而影响水平的正常发挥。记住:只有保持良好的精神和心理状态,才能确保考试中正常甚至超常发挥。充分利用好发卷后开考前的三分钟左右时间,快速浏览试题及选项(每段对话或独白之间的几十秒时间同样要利用起来)。根据题干和相关选项可以预测一部分背景知识,确定听音的重点,使听音具有明确的方向和选择性。尤其是听力部分的第一节,因为“只读一遍”更要认真准备。听力考试开始,要边听边做,当机立断。有些同学听不清楚时,紧张,心慌,以致影响后面的答题。听不清楚是正常现象,而且题目之间无相关性。跳过去继续下一题。另外没有十分的把握,不要轻易的修改原来的选项,尊重你的“初选”。

在平时的练习时要注意尝试以下方法:

一、听前阅读分析

高考时一般会提前 5 分钟分发试卷,同学们在 5 分钟内把 20 道听力题题干及选项读完,一般不成问题。另外,在听每道题前,还有时间再次阅读各题,每题约 5 秒钟。

考生在听前阅读中应完成下列任务:

1.比较选项,找出差错,做上记号。

(1) 选项词数少,一目了然

例1:What size is the man wearing?

A. Size 13 B. Size 14 C. Size 15

考生只要划出13、14、15即可。

(2) 选项词数多,差别明显

例2:Why does he also get on the same bus?

A. Because he is going to the post office.

B. Because he is going to the same way.

C. Because he is going to the station.

只要在选项中的不同处划上横线即可。

(3) 选项词数多,形式复杂

例3: Why doesn’t he see his aunt?

A. He is not allowed to see her.

B. His aunt doesn’t want to see him.

C. She is not here.

同学们可像上面所示的那样先将关键词作上记号。通过这项工作,我们能排除那些次要信息的干扰,有效的提高答题的正确率。

2. 根据问题及选项,猜测大意。

例4: Who introduce George to Jane?

A. George’s friend B. Jane’s friend C. George himself

我们可以由“introduce”一词猜测到这是一段有关介绍的对话。通常介绍有两种情况:一是自我介绍(选项 C),一是他人介绍(选项 A、B)。自我介绍常采用“I’m…/My name is…”,他人介绍采用“This is…”,“That is…”因此,只要在听力过程中,听出其中一个关键词,就可做出正确的选择。

在听前猜测中,同学们已经作了积极的思考,对即将听到的原文有了初步的预测,对原文可能涉及到的内容有了大概的了解,这样便有可能提高选择的正确率。

二、听时抓关键词,必要时做记录

例5: W: Is Mary fond of music?

M: Well, she likes to listen to records but she’s never learned to play anything.

Q: What do we learn about Mary?

A. She likes playing the piano.

B. She is interested in listening to music.

C. She doesn’t like music.

原文中的关键词为 listen,never… play 根据这些关键词,不难选出正确答案 B。

听力过程中的记录全在“快” 和“巧”字上。如果听力原文较长,且文中人物较多,事件较为复杂,所涉及到的数字或时间等信息多样,考生则可在试卷空白处作些简单记录。如用首字母、阿拉伯数字等。所作的记录只要自己能看懂就行,不必苛求语法、单词的正确。在这方面,平时要多训练,总结经验。

三、听后分析判断

选择的答案与原文保持一致,才是正确答案。这种一致性表现在以下几个方面:

1. 问题及选项与听力原文形式一致。

例6: M: Great party, isn’t it?

W: It certainly is. Hi, I’m Lisa.

M: I’m James. Are you a friend of Roy’s?

W: Yes, we both work at the bank. How do you know Roy?

M: We play tennis together.

W: What do you do?

M: I teach arts at a university.

Q1: Where does Lisa work?

A. In a hospital. B. In a bank. C. In a university.

听出“I’m Lisa”和“We work at the bank”后即可选出 B 为正确答案。

Q2: How does James know Roy?

A. They work in the same university.

B. They play tennis together.

C. They know each other in the party.

听出“How do you know Roy?”和“We play tennis together.”后即可选出正确答案 B。

2.问题及选项与听力原文意义一致。

例7: W: What nationality are you?

M: I’m from New Zealand.

W: Which part of New Zealand do you come from?

M: Wellington. It’s the capital.

Q: Where is the man from?

A. England B. An island C. New Zealand

这里的问题“What nationality are you?”与“Where are you from?”同义,依此可根据“I’m from New Zealand.”做出正确选择 C。

3.正确答案依据听力原文来推断。

(1) 逻辑推理

例8: W: It’s terribly hot in this small room.

M:I agree. Would you mind raising the window a bit more?

Q: What does the man need?

A. A rest. B. A bigger room. C. More air.

根据“hot”及“raise the window”推断出 C 为正确答案。

(2) 简单运算

例9: W: When will the film begin?

M: It begins at 8:55. We only have 20 minutes left. Let’s go now.

Q: What time is it now?

A. It is 8:35. B. It is 8: 05. C. It is 8:15.

这里要用8:55减去还剩下的 20 分钟,得出现在的时间是 8:35。 这类题只要用简单的加、减、乘等运算即可,除法极少用到。这类试题,并不难做。关键要注意题目问的是什么。不要想当然。犯经验主义的错误。

(3) 概括总结

例10:M: You have been in London for several months. How do you like the city?

W: The only thing is the sun never smiles. It’s always gray and unhappy.

Q: What does the woman seem to unlike about London?

A.The unsmiling face.

B.The Londoners.

C.The weather.

原文中的“the sun never smiles”和“gray and unhappy”不是描述人,而是对天气的描写,考生不能误解。正确答案应是 C。

总之,听力测试所选的对话、短文(独白)通常围绕 what,who,where,when,which,why,how,how many(much),what time 等方面来设计考题。因此听时一定要集中精力抓住与之有关的关键词,选出正确的选项。

听力试题对话部分解题技巧

关于时间、数字计算的试题

这类试题都涉及到数字,很多时候涉及不只一个数字,做题时应该反应灵敏,可以记下一些重要的信息,同选择项比较分析来解决。常见的提问方式一般有:When…?/What time…?/How old…?/How much…?/How many…? 等等。另外,它所涉及的数字主要包括:日期、时间、年代、年龄、价格、数量、距离、房号及电话号码等。就数字种类来说,主要有基数、序数、百分数、分数等。做题时,一般会出现几个数字,而两个或两个以上的数字通常为计算题。所以我们要用到简单的加减乘除运算,尤其要注意—些常见的词。如:half,double,twice,one-third,percent,a pair,3 dozen,penny,cent 等等。

例1: M: Don’t worry, we still have time left.

W:What time does the train leave?

M:At 8:30. We have 35 minutes to go.

Q:What time is it now?

A.7: 55 B.7: 45 C.7: 50

[分析]去赶火车离8:30还有35分钟,答案自然为 A。

例2: M:How much is the white shirt?

W: These shirts sell for 16 dollars each,but it’s 30 if you buy two.

Q:How much does the woman have to pay if she wants to buy just one?

A.$15 B.$16 C.$30

[分析]在对话中,提到买 the white shirt 每件 16 元,两件 30 元,只买—件当然是16 元,故正确答案为 B。

例3: M:Did you know the news about the bank robbers?

W:Yes,but I don’t know whether they have been caught or not.

M:All except one.He escaped while the police were searching the hotel where the other three were hidden.

Q:How many bank robbers were there altogether?

A.1 B.2 C.4

[分析] 3 个被抓住,1 个逃走,故一共为 4 个,答案为 C。


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