名词转化为动词很多表示物件、身体部位或某类人的名词可以用作动词，某些抽象名词也可用作动词。名词和动词在转化时，有时不改变意思，有时意思也相应地变化，在学习的过程中注意记忆总结。1 名词和动词在转化时， 有时不改变意思，有时也相应地变化。eye n. 眼睛 .（用眼睛看）注释，端详 ship n. 船， v. 用船装help v. 帮助 n. 帮助 love v. 爱 n.. 爱picture 能画， 照片 v. 用图表示，描述2 有些名词和动词在转化时会发生元音改变或词尾变化blood----bleed sell----sale sing---- song advise----advice bathe----- bath believe---- belief3 Look at the verbs in bold. What are the nouns of these verbs?1）When Zhou Kai’s mother saw him heading towards the front door without a jacket on, she eyed him anxiously.2）I’m not overweight so I never have to dietStep 3 Practice1

Example: Stop mothering me! I’m not a child.1. This apartment _________ six people and a dog.2. She ________ the silk gently.3. It _________ really delicious.4. Can you ________ me those papers?2．Complete the following sentences1. Did you ____（预定）a seat on a plane yesterday?2. Please ____ （递）me the book.3. They ____ (取名)their dog Bob.4. She ____（护理；照顾）her aged mother every day.一般将来时(The future simple tense)1.一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态Zhou kai, you’ll get ill.I’ll buy you a toy.My sister’s going to see you off.will和be going to都可以用来表达将要发生的事情，区别如下：(1).单纯谈到将来的事情，没有主观因素，可用will.It will become warm when spring comes.春天到来，天气将会变暖。I will be twenty next month.下个月我就20岁了。(2).表示说话人的推测，用will.She will be all right after taking the medicine.吃了这药，她就会好的。That will be your house.那是你的家吧。(3).表示一种倾向，用will.Each time he comes to Beijing, he will visit the Great Wall.每次他来到北京，他都要游览长城。 Without water, man will die.没有水人会死。(4).表示说话时决定马上要做的动作（多半是听了对方的话后所做出的反应），用will.A: My chest hurts when I breathe.我呼吸时，胸部疼痛。B: Lie down please, and I’ll examine you.请躺下，我给你检查一下。(5).表示经过事先考虑或安排后的意思,即—打算做某事‖，用going to do.My friend is in hospital now, but he is going to come out tomorrow. 我朋友现在医院，但是他明天就要出院了。She has borrowed some books from the library. She is going to make a careful study.她从图书馆借了一些书。她打算好好作番研究。(6)在口语中，表示将要发生的事情时，多用be going to .What’s going to happen? 将要发生什么事？Is there going to be a party tomorrow evening? 明天

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天晚上有聚会吗？(7)表示根据已有的、并被注意到的迹象将要发生的事情They are going to miss the train.他们要赶不上火车了。（说话者注意到他们出发时已经太晚了） Look at those dark clouds; it’s going to rain.看那些乌云，要下雨了。(8).be going to可用于表示将来时间的条件状语从句，will却不能。If he is going to participate in the competition, he’d better get prepared.如果他打算参加这个竞赛，他最好做好准备。If we are going to start early, 5 o’clock is ok. 如果我们计划早出发，5点就可以。(9).will 可用于表示意愿、拒绝等的条件状语从句中。If Tom won’t come, we will lose the game.如果汤姆不愿意来，我们将输掉这场比赛。If he will do something useful, he will save the boy.如果他愿意做些有益的事，他会就这个男孩的。 Practice1．Jim and Li Lei __________（watch）the football match this evening．2．We are going to play ping-pong on Saturday．（改为一般疑问句并作否定回答）?__________ __________ going to play ping-pong on Saturday？?__________，we __________．3．我叔叔今晚要来。My uncle __________ __________ __________．4．我们要讨论这本书。We _____ ______ ______ ______ ______ this book．5．---Do you tell Julia about the result ?---Oh, no ,I forgot. I ______her now.A. will be calling B. will call C. call D. am to call6. Look at the dark clouds in the sky . I think it _____rain.A will B shall C must D is going to7. If he ____be head teacher of this class , I will not go to this class .A is going to B will C was to D should8.---- Write to me when you get home---- ____.A. I am going to B. I will C. I should D. I can9. That ____ be Dr. Wang’s clinic. Let’s go and have a look.A. is going to B. will C. is not going to be D. will not.10. My younger brother ____be 15 years old next year.A. is going to B. will C. is to D. should11. Let’s keep to the point or we _____ any decisions.A. will never reach B. have never reachedC. never reach D. never reached12 --- You’ve left the light on.--- Oh, so I have. _______ and turn it off.A. I’ll go B. I’ve gone C. I go D. I’m going13. If he _____ to college, he _____ a lot more.A. will go; will learn B. will go; is going to learnC. goes; will learn D. goes; is going to learn14. --- Sorry, I forgot to post the letter for you.--- Never mind, _____ post it

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myself tonight.A. I’m going to B. I prefer to C. I’ll D. I’d rather15. ---Write to me when you get home.--- ____________.A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can语法项目1．不定式作状语1)不定式作目的状语：He broke into the house to steal something．Many drug addicts are now in treatment centres to stop taking drugs．He's saving up to buy a new car．He uses a computer to send emails．2)有时候在不定式前面加上in order to或so as to，否定式为in order not to和so as not to： Let's hurry so as to go to school in time．Let's hurry so as not to be late for school．She studied very hard in order to catch up with others．She studied very hard in order not to lag behind．3)不定式表示目的时，通常它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，但如果不是的话，就要用for… 结构表示逻辑主语，如：Mom opened the door for Jane and Betty to come in．We are now using the series —New Standard English‖ for students to make great progress． 请注意以下结构：It is so kind of you to come and help us．(这时，you既是to come and help us又是kind的逻辑主语)再如：It's rude of him to say so．4)不定式还可以作结果或原因状语：表结果： What have I done to get all this?She went abroad never to return．He was so．late as to miss half of the lecture．She is such a good student as to be respected by all her classmates．The house is large enough to hold two hundred people．He is too young to do the job．表原因：She was surprised to see us in the street of London．He laughed to hear the news．The old lady rejoiced to learn that her son was the champion of the match．2．so…that…和such(a，an)…that…引导的结果状语从句1)so…that…和such(a，an)…that…都引导结果状语从句，如：Some of them behave so badly that people call the police．It was such a dangerous drug that he nearly died．It was such loud music that we couldn't hear ourselves speak．2)so的后面跟形容词或副词：The night scene of the lake was so beautiful that we didn't want to come back at all． They played so happily that they forgot the time．3)such(a，an)后面跟名词：They were such dangerous drug dealers that people had to ask the police for help． It is such an interesting story that all of them like it．4)请注意本模块语法项目1.4中讨论的某些不定式作结果状语的句子：He w

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as so late as to miss half of the lecture．She is such a good student as to be respected by all her classmates．The house is large enough to hold two hundred people．He is too young to do the job．我们可以把它们改变成结果状语从句：He was so late that he missed half of the lecture．She is such a good student that she is respected by all her classmates．The house is so large that it can hold two hundred people．He is so young that he can't do the job．a. Now complete the sentences with so, as a result or as a result of.1. Adam knew that taking drugs was bad, _________he stopped.2. He stopped taking drugs ________meeting the doctor.3. Adam met a doctor who explained the problem. __________he stopped taking cocaine.4. Crack cocaine is very addictive, ________users cannot easily stop using it.5. He was extremely ill _________taking crack cocaine.6. He became addicted to crack cocaine, _________ he became very ill.时间状语从句时间状语从句主要用于说明主句动词的时间,其类型颇多详见如下归纳。1． When 引导的时间状语从句,意为—当……的时候‖，when 的从句可以用延续性动词。He was working at the table when I went in . 当我进去的时候，她正在桌旁工作。I was watching TV when he came. 他来的时候我正在看电视。注意：when 也可以作并列连词，表示一个动作即将或正在进行或刚完成的时候，突然发生了另一件事。 I was about to leave when the telephone rang. 我正要离开，这是电话铃响了。We were working in the chemistry lab, when the lights went out.我们正在化学实验室工作，突然灯熄灭了。I had just gone to sleep when there was a knock at the door.. 我刚入睡就有人敲门2． While 引导的时间状语从句，表示—与……同时，在……期间‖。While 的从句中常用延续性动词或表示状态的词。They rushed in while we were discussing problems. 当我们正在讨论问题时，他们冲了进来。Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games.当我正在玩电子游戏时，爸爸在清洗汽车。注意：while 还可以表示对比意义，意为—而；却‖。例如：Jane was dressed in blue, while Mary was dressed in red.珍妮穿着蓝色的衣服，而玛丽穿红色的。3． As 引导的时间状语从句，作—当……的时候，一边……一边‖—随着----‖解，as 的从句中可使用延续性动词，也可使用非延续性动词。例如：He sang as he was working.他一边工作一边唱歌。As time goes by, we have a better understanding of things around us.随着时间的推移，我们对自己周围的事务有了更好的理解。4． Before 和 after 引导的从句：前者一边表示主句的动作发生早从句的动作之前；后者表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。例如：I didn’t know any English befor

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e I started school. 我上学之前，一点英语都不懂I had cooked supper before my parents came back. 我父母回来之前，我就做好了晚饭。It won’t be long before we meet again. 我们不久就能见面。After he came out, he locked the door. 他出来后，就锁上了门。5． Since 和 ever since 引导的从句：表示—自从……以来‖，从句一般表示动作的起点，用过去时。主句表示动作延续的情况，一般用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。如果主句表示的是时间，主句可用一边现在时，也可用现在完成时。现在完成时(延续性动词)…since+…过去时（非延续性动词）—自从……以来‖现在完成时(延续性动词)…since+…过去时 （延续性动词）—自（延续性动词结束以来……‖ Since he came here , he has made a lot of friends.他来这里以后，已交了许多朋友。He has been working here ever since he left university.自从大学毕业以后，他就一直在这里工作。She has lived alone since her husband died.自丈夫去世后她就一直独自生活。I have been wearing glasses since I was three.我三岁以后一直戴眼镜。It is ten years since he smoked.他戒烟十年了语法二 过去完成时过去完成时由助动词had 加过去分词构成，主要表示在过去某时之前已发生的动作或情况，也可以说时—过去时间的过去‖。其被动形式为—had + been + p.p‖ 例如：By the end of last term, we had learned more than 3,000 English words.到上个学期末为止我们已经学了3000 多个单词了。注意：如果句中出现了表示过去的具体时间状语，句子的内容可为过去的实际情况或句子中的内容为历史事实时，句中的动词时态只能用一般过去时。例如：The teacher said that it was Columbus who first discovered the American continent.在表示某人过去未曾完成的—心愿，打算，计划，想法，许诺‖等等时，hope , mean ,plan, want ,promise , intend 等位于动词必须用过去完成时。例如：I had planned to offer you some help in your shop, but suddenly my mother fell ill yesterday. 昨天我原本计划在你的店里帮一些忙的，但是我妈妈突然病了。He had hoped to spend the important day with us last Sunday , but he was too busy then. 上星期他原本很想与我们一起度过这个重要的日子，可是他当时实在太忙了1、通过讨论下列例题复习时间状语从句1)?When did he leave the classroom??He left _____ you turned back to write on the blackboard.A. the time B. the moment C. until D. since2) ? Have you known each other for long?? Not very, ________we started to work in the ABC Motor Company.A. before B. since C. when D. after3) I didn’t make great progress in my English study _____ my teacher had given me some advice on how to learn the language well.A. unless B. before C. until D. when4). That was really a splendid evening. It’s years _____ I enjoyed myself so much.A. when B. that C. before D. since5) ?Did Jack come back early last

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night??Yes. It was not yet eight o’clock ____ he arrived home.A. before B. when C. that D. until2、通过讨论下列例题归纳出because, as , since, for的用法区别以及now that的用法。6) ____ You’ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.A. Now that B. After C . Although D. As soon as7) He found it increasingly difficult to read, ____ his eyesight was beginning to fail.A. though B. for C. but D. so8) ?Did you return Fred’s call??I didn’t need to ______I’ll see him tomorrow.A. though B. unless C. when D. because9）________ you know it, I won't repeat it.A. For B. Because of C. Since D. Till10) ?May I go and play with Dick this afternoon, Mum??No, you can’t go out _______ your work is being done.‖A. before B. until C. as D. the momentbecause, as , since, for归纳：_________________________________________________________________________3、通过用不同的句型翻译该句，复习so/such……that等引导的状语从句。他是一个如此可爱的男孩，以至于人人都非常喜欢他。________________________________________________________________.________________________________________________________________.________________________________________________________________.典例评析：1.________ everyone else wouldn’t go to the mountain area, he went without a second thought.A. As long as B. While C. Where D. In spite of2. ?Are you ready for Spain??Yes, I want the girls to experience that _____ they are youngA. while B. until C. if D. before巩固分层练习：(一）必做题1) It’s going to rain, ____ the clouds are gathering.A. for B. because C. since D. as2）____ there are only five minutes to go, I’ll talk about the project in short.A. As if B. Even if C. Because of D. Now that3）I’d like to arrive 20 minutes early ____ I can have time for a cup of tea.A. as soon as B. as a result C. in case D. so that4） We were told that we should follow the main road ____ we reached the railway station.A. whenever B. until C. while D. wherever5）The doorkeeper gave the alarm _______ he saw the smoke.A. while（二）选做题1. _____ the Internet is of great help. I don't think it's a good

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idea to spend too much time on it.A. If B. While C. Because D. As2. I do every single bit of housework _____ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.A. since B. while C. when D. as3. Why do you want a new job ____ you’ve got such a good one already?A. that B. where C. which D. whenⅠ. Best choice:1. I thought she was famous, but none of my friends have _____ heard of her.A. even B. ever C. just D. never2. There’s _________ I want to tell you.A. something new B. new somethingC. the something new D. the new something3. You know _____ about it than Tom does.A. even little B. even lessC. more little D. more less4. The old gentleman has _____ been to the Great Wall before, has he?A. always B. already C. ever D. not5. They have produced ________ they did last year.A. twice more grain as B. twice as much grain asC. twice as many grain as D. as twice many grain as6. The teacher wondered why _____ many students had made _____ careless mistakes.A. so; so B. so; suchC. such; so D. such; such7. I’ve got _____ work to do on a ______ cold day.A. much too; much too B. too much; too muchC. too much; much too D. much too; too much8. --- Have you been to New Zealand?--- No, I’d like to, ______ .8 B. the instant C. suddenly D. beforeA. too B. though C. yet D. either9. --- Do you often go to the cinema?--- No, ______ . I’ve been writing a novel this year.A. often B. frequently C. occasionally D. nearly10. --- Where did you spend your holiday last year?--- I stayed ______ and then returned home.A. for one week in the countryside quietlyB. in the countryside quietly for one weekC. in the countryside for one week quietlyD. quietly for one week in the countryside11. --- I was riding along the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down.--- You can never be _____ careful in the street.A. much B. very C. so D. too12. We all write ______, even when there’s not much to say.A. now and then B. by and byC. step by step D. more o

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r less13. --- _______ do you visit your grandparents?--- Once a month.A. Hoe long B. How soonC. How much D. How often14. He ______ gets up very early, but today he is very late. It is quite ______.A. usually; unusual B. usual; unusuallyC. unusual; usual D. usually; unusually15. He speaks English well indeed, but of course not ______ a native speaker.A. as fluent B. more fluent thanC. so fluently as D. much fluently thanⅡ. Complete the sentences using —loudly‖, —loud‖ or —aloud‖:1. The teacher asked him to read the text _______.2. Could you speak a little ______?3. The two boys are arguing ________.接不定式作宾语的动词【速记口诀】同意提出学会的打算，要求答应来帮忙。准备决定遭拒绝，敢于设法有希望。未能做到莫假装，选择破釜沉舟当自强。offer(提出)， learn(学会)， intend， plan(打算)， demand， ask(要求)， promise (答应)，prepare (准备)， decide， determine (决定)， refuse (拒绝)， dare(敢于)， manage(设法)，want， expect(希望，想要)， fail， pretend (假装)， choose(甘愿)9 help (帮忙)，wish， hope接动名词作宾语的动词【速记口诀】建议停止享受--想象完成逃跑(suggest， advise， stop， resist， enjoy， imagine， finish， escape)承认借口--推迟实践(admit， excuse， delay， practice)认为应该保持头脑清醒--懂得避免冒险(consider， keep， mind， understand， avoid， miss， risk)(1)动名词作主语时，表示一般的，抽象概念；而动词不定式作主语，表示具体的特定情景下或有待于完成的动作。如：①To finish such a long novel will take me several days．(—to finish such a long novel‖表示具体的、尚未完成的动作)②Swimming is good for health，but to swim in such a polluted river is harmful to health．(—to swim in such a polluted river‖指特定情景下的动作)(2)当it为形式主语时，两者常可以互用。如：①It’s difficult to make the air clean．②It’s difficult making the air clean．(3)necessary，important等词后只用不定式。如：①It is necessary to spend enough time on English if you want to learn it well．②It is important to keep our classroom clean．(4)no use，no good，a waste of time后常用动名词。如：①It is no use crying．②It is no good cheating in the exams．③It is a waste of time reading a silly book like this．Module 3 Music本模块重点句型(必背句子)1. Having worked there for 30 years, Haydon moved to London, where he was very successful.在那里工作了30年后，海顿移居伦敦，在伦敦他非常成功。Move to a place 搬家至某地Hav

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ing worked…为现在分词的完成式作时间状语，表示动作发生在主动词之前。如：Having lived there for years, he got used to the life there.注意：现在分词的否定是在分词前否定，如：Not having heard from her parents, she decided to write again.Verb+ing 称为现在分词的一般式，也可作状语，现在分词的一般式表示的时间概念与主动词同时发生或几乎同时发生。如：Walking through the streets , he caught sight of a tailor’s shop.相当于When / While he was walking through the street…（动作与主动词同时发生）Hearing the news , he jumped up with joy.相当于As soon as he heard the news…（动作与主动词几乎同时发生） By the time he was 14, Mozart had composed many pieces for the harpsichord, piano and violin, as well as for orchestras. 莫第10 / 14页扎特到14岁的时候，不仅已经谱写了许多管弦乐曲，还谱写了许多拨弦键琴曲、钢琴曲和小提琴曲。As well as 不仅，相当于not only , 如：He is courageous as well as strong.. 相当于He is not only strong but also courageous.The editors as well as the proofreaders are working overtime. 相当于Not only the proofreaders but also the editors are working overtime.By the time “在……之前，到……为止”引导的时间状语从句。从句中如果用一般过去时，则主句用过去完成时；从句中如果用一般现在时，则主句用将来完成时.By the time he was 14, he had built a lab of his own.By the time the letter reaches you , I will have left the country.4. Haydn met Mozart in 1781 and was very impressed with him.海顿在1781年与莫扎特相遇，并对他留下了深刻的印象。Be impressed with… 对……留下印象。也可以用be impressed by\at… 如：I was deeply impressed by /with/at his speech.Impress 的其他用法：1) Impress sth upon/on sb 或者 impress sb with sth 使某人铭记某事物。如：My father impressed on me the importance of work. 或者 My father impressed me with the importance of work.2) impress sth upon/on sth 在某物上面印上某物。如：He impressed his name on the box.5. However it was Haydn who encouraged Beethoven to move to Vienna.然而，是海顿鼓励贝多芬移居维也纳的。—It was…who…” 是强调句,该句强调了主语,正常的语序为 “Haydn encouraged Beethoven to move to Vienna.强调句的基本句型: It is/was+被强调部分+ that(who)… 强调句型用来强调谓语动词以外的任何句子成分。当被强调部分是人时也可以用who。(1) It was yesterday that I met Mary at the railway station.(2) 强调句的一般疑问句型Is/Was +it +所强调的成分+that/who/whom…?Was it you that met Mary at the railway station yesterday?(3) 强调句的特殊疑问句型疑问词+is/was+it+that /who/whom…?Who

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m was it that I met at the railway station yesterday?When was it that he changed his mind to take part in the activity？(4) 在强调not … until结构时必须把not与until一起放到被强调的位置上例 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was my brother.(5) 注意强调句型与定语从句的区别例 It was at 7 o'clock that he came here yesterday.( 强调句型)It was 7 o'clock when he came here yesterday.(定语从句)一 单项选择1. It is what you do rather what you say ________ matters.A. that B. what C. which D. this2. The way_____ the problem sounds reasonable.

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