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三、弄清分词逻辑主语的特例
一般说来，分词作状语，它的逻辑主语应与句子主语一致，但事实上有少数例外的特殊情况：1. 某些表示说话人态度的一些惯用分词表达，它们在用作状语时其逻辑主语可以与句子主语不一致。如：Generally speaking, women live longer than men. 一般说来，女人比男人活得长。Judging from what you say, he ought to succeed. 从你的话看，他应当能成功。Judging from what you say, he ought to succeed. Considering the distance, he arrived very quickly. 考虑到路程，他到达得很快。Taking everything into consideration, you should leave. 考虑到各种因素，你最好离开。
2. 当句子含有先行主语it或there时，有时用作状语的分词短语可以与先行主语不一致。如：Having so little time, there was not much that I could do. 由于时间很少，我能做的事很有限。Being French, it’s surprising that she’s such a terrible cook. 她是法国人，但她做饭做得那么糟真是令人感到惊奇。她是法国人，但她做饭做得那么糟真是令人感到惊奇。
3. 当分词已转化为介词或连词，此时也无需考虑主语一致问题。如：Supposing she doesn’t come, what shall we do? 要是她不来我们怎么办?(supposing为连词，意为“假若”)Given their inexperience, they’ve done a job. 考虑到他们没有经验，这工作已做得很不错了。(given为介词，意为“考虑到”)4. 当分词暗含的逻辑主语为表示泛指意义的one或you时，也无需考虑主语的一致性问题。如：In doing such work, patience is needed. 做这种工作需要耐心。(=When one does such work, patience is needed.)
四、弄清分词的独立主格结构
在通常情况下，分词作状语时它的逻辑主语应与句子主语一致，若不一致，则应改用其他句型。如：误：Crossing the road, a car knocked him down. 正：Crossing the road, he was knocked down by a car. 过马路时他被车撞倒了。正：When he was crossing the road, a car knocked him down. 他过马路时车子把他撞倒了。解决状语分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致的问题，也可在分词前加一个名词或代词，使之成为分词的逻辑主语。由于加在分词前的名词或代词要用主格形式，故称分词的独立主格结构。如：The job finished, we went home. 工作结束后我们就回家了。The weather being fine, we went swimming. 天气很好，我们就去游泳了。He being

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