有这样一个句子:
If the weather is fine, we will go. If not, not.
许多同学弄不清句中的 if not, not 是什么意思,也分不清它是什么结构。其实这是一个省略句,若补充完整,此句即为:
If the weather is fine, we will go. If the weather is NOT fine, we will NOT go. 如果天气好,我们就去;如果天气不好,我们就不去。
该句的特点是:后句与前句的用词和句式完全相同,只是前句为肯定,后句为否定,为了简洁起见,将后句与前句相同部分省略,只保留否定词 not。又如:
If it is cheap, I’ll buy it. If not, not. 如果这东西便宜,我就买;如果不便宜,我就不买。
If you study hard, you’ll succeed. If not, not. 你若努力,你就会成功;你若不努力,你就不会成功。
If you start at once, you’ll catch the train. If not, not. 你若马上动身,你就会赶上火车;你若不马上动身,你就赶不上火车了。
If it is interesting, I’ll read it. If not, not. 如果有趣,我就读;如果没有趣,我就不读了。
请再看以下例子(只保留否定词not)。如:
“Can you repair it yourself?” “I’m afraid not.” “你自己会修吗?”“恐怕不行。”(=I’m afraid I can’t repair it myself.)
“Did you know anything about it?” “Not until you told me.” “这事你以前知道吗?”“你告诉我才知道。”(=I didn’t know anything about it until you told me.)
“Will it rain today?” “I hope not.” “今天会下雨吗?” “希望不会。”(=I hope it will not rain today.)
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