1. 动词 advise 与 suggest 的异同
1. 意义
advise 有“劝告”、“建议”之意。但 suggest 除有 advise 之意外,还有“暗示”、“使人想起”、“提出”之意。例如:
The thought of winter suggests skating.(不能换成 advise)
想到冬天人们会联想起滑冰。
2. 用法
(1) advice 接复合宾语构成 advise sb. to do,但 suggest 不能。
例如:
I advise you not to eat fruit that isn’t ripe in future.
我建议你今后不再吃生水果。
(2) advise 和 suggest 都只能接 ing 分词作宾语,不可接不定式作宾语。例如:
He suggested(= advised) having a meeting on Saturday.
他建议星期六开一场会。
(3) 表示建议时 advise 和 suggest 均接虚拟语气从句。例如:
He advised/suggested that we (should) have a meeting on Saturday.
但是 suggest 表示“暗示”、“意思是”、“提出”等意时,后接陈述语气的从句,而 advise则不能。例如:
His smile suggested that he was pleased to take the job.
他的微笑说明了他乐意接受这份工作。
表示“劝说”、“说服”时,advise、try to persuade、persuade sb. to do 和 persuade sb. into doing 依次愈来愈强调结果。
1.10.2. 有关 agree 的用法
1. agree to
(1) to 为介词。agree to 表示“应许”、“同意”。指同意某一看法、计划、安排、建议等。例如:
I cannot agree to the terms of this contract.
我不赞同合同里的条款。
(2) to 为动词不定式的符号。agree to 表示“同意做”、“答应做”,后接动词原形。例如:
I’m sorry to say I don’t agree to cooperate with you.
很遗憾,恐怕我不能同意与你合作。
agree to do 可以转化为 agree 加宾语从句。例如:
I agreed to leave at once. = I agreed that I would leave at once.
2. agree with
(1) with 后接指人的名词或代词作宾语,表示“同意”。例如:
They could not agree with one another, because each believed that he knew just what the beast looked like.
他们互不同意,因为每个人都相信自己知道的正是那头兽的样子。
(2) with 后接“某人所说的话”,表示“同意”。例如:
He didn’t agree with what I said. 他不同意我所说的。
此时 agree with = agree to。例如:
I agree to what you say. 我同意你所讲的话。
(3) 构成 A agree with B 的句式,表示“对……适合”、“与……一致”、“与……协调”。例如:
Its ideas did not agree with what was written in the Bible.
它(指《物种起源》)的观点与《圣经》上写的不相符。
3. agree on/upon 指双方或多方就某事取得一致意见。例如:
Wallace and Darwin agreed on the way in which different forms of life had begun.
华莱士和达尔文对不同类型的生物是如何起源的持相同的观点。
指双方或多方就某一具体内容一致时,还可用agree about.
They disagreed about some of the views in the book.
他们对书中的某些观点意见不一致。
1.10.3. bring,take,fetch,carry 的区别
1. bring 表示向说话人的方向运动,意思是“拿来”、“带来”、“取来”。例如:
I have brought my umbrella with me today.
当说话人和听话人在不同地点时,bring 所指的运动方向,既可朝向说话人,又可朝向听话人,甚至是将去的地方或曾经去过的地方。例如:
Come to the theatre with us tonight, and bring Mary.
今晚和我们一起去看戏,把玛丽也带上。
2. take 表示向其他方向运动或离开说话人,意思是“带走”、“拿去”。例如:
She took 50 dollars to the supermarket and brought home a lot of groceries. 她从家里带去了 50 美元,从超级市场购来许多食品。
3. fetch 和 get 可以互换使用,指去某地取东西返回出发地点,表示“去带来”、“去取来”、“去拿来”。get 比 fetch 更常用。例如:
He is seriously ill. We must fetch a doctor at once.
4. carry 表示“随身携带”人或物,并不说明固定的方向。例如:
He is very strong. He can carry such a heavy box up.
他非常壮,他能将一个极重的箱子扛起来。
1.10.4. 有关 catch 的用法
1. 作“抓住”解。例如:
They caught an enemy soldier alive.
他们活捉了一个敌兵。
注意:表“抓住某部位”多用 catch sb. by the +部位。例如:
I caught him by the arm.
2. catch on(钩住、绊住)。例如:
My sleeve caught on a nail. = My sleeve got caught on a nail.
我的衣袖被钉子挂往了。
3. catch in/by(阻隔),常用于被动语态中。例如:
I was caught in the heavy rain.
我被阻在雨中。
4. 作“感染(病)”解。例如:
He has caught a cold/a fever.
他感冒了/他发烧了。
5. 作“着(火)”解。例如:
The house caught fire.
6. 作“(偶然/突然)撞见、发觉”解,多接 ing 分词,作宾语补足语或主语补足语。例如:
Don’t let me catch you at it again.
别让我再撞见你干这种事。
The policeman caught Soapy stealing the money from the old lady.
那个警察撞见了苏比在偷那位老太太的钱。
7. 作“赶上”解。例如:
与 miss 对立。如:catch the train.
catch up with him = catch him up。
1.10.5. 表示“导致”、“引起”的词
1. cause
cause 常接带 to 不定式作宾语补足语。例如:
What causes an apple to fall to the ground?
使苹果落地的原因何在?
2. lead to
He began the research and studies which led to his new discoveries in physics. 他开始研究,这些研究使他在物理方面有了新发现。
3. bring about
Electricity can bring about chemical change.
电可以引起化学变化。
4. result in
His carelessness resulted in a serious accident.
他的粗枝大叶导致了一场重大事故。
5. set off
If you can set him off on his pet subject, he will go on for hours.
如果你能引他谈起他最得意的话题,他会一口气扯上几个钟头。
1.10.6. 有关 come 的短语
1. come after 继;跟着……来;来找;为追求……而来,来取。例如:
July comes after June.
六月以后是七月。
I came after the axe.
我来找斧子。
2. come along(= come on) 一起走;进展;快点。例如:
Come along with us, if you like.
如果你喜欢就跟我们来。
How are you coming along with your preparation for the examination?
你考试的准备做得怎样了?
Come along, it’s nearly twelve o’clock.
赶快,快十二点了。
3. come at 到达,袭击。例如:
He came at me like a tiger.
他像老虎一般地向我冲过来。
4. come by 获得;打旁边过去
5. come down 下来;下跌;减少;流传下来;败落;生(病)
6. come into 进入;参加;赞同;得到;继承。例如:
The tree has come into blossom.
树已开花。
7. come to 结果是;总计……,达;苏醒;复原。例如:
It comes to the same thing.
结果是一样的。
The amounts you have spent will come to a large sum.
你所花去的钱将是一个大数目。
He has come to himself.
他已经苏醒过来了。
8. come in 进来;有用;流行起来。例如:
The present style of dress came in about three years ago.
目前时兴的这种服装样式是大约三年前开始的。
9. come out 出来;(花)开;出版。如:
I think the roses will come out next week.
我想这些玫瑰下个星期就会开花。
10. come up 走过来;走近;发芽;长出。例如:
The seeds I sowed last week haven’t come up yet.
我上星期播下的种子还没有发芽呢!
11. come on/upon = come across(偶然)遇见
1.10.7. 有关“看待”的几种常见表达法
1. consider… (as)… 认为……是。例如:
Most people considered him a fool.
多数人认为他是傻瓜。
2. treat… as… 将……当作……来看待。例如:
They should not be treated only as amusements.
不能把它们单纯看成是娱乐。
3. regard…as… 把……看成……。例如:
Today, Abraham Lincoln is regarded as one of the greatest of all American presidents.
今天,亚伯拉罕•林肯仍被认为是美国历史上最伟大的总统之一。
4. look on/upon… as… 把……看成……。例如:
They looked upon him as a leader.
他们视他为领导。
5. think of… as… 把……认为是……。例如:
The general thought of himself as a common soldier.
那位将军把他自己看成一普通士兵。
6. take… as认为。例如:
We took the problem as settled.
我们认为问题已经解决了。
7. see… as 把……看作……。例如:
I simply can’t see him as a cheat.
我实在不能想象他可能是个骗子。
类似表示“看待”的搭配还有:
refer to… as 把……称为……;accept… as 接受……为……
use…as 把……用作……;look up to sb. as 把某人尊为……
remember… as 把……作为……怀念;count… as 认为
1.10.8. 表示“处理”的几种表达法
1. do with:其中 do 是及物动词。例如:
In some places, people do little with the smoke.
在一些地方人们几乎没怎么处理那些烟尘。
上句就 little 提问则有:What do people do with the smoke in some places? 所以,实际上表示“处理”的是 do sth. with。
2. deal with 表“处理”时,deal 为不及物动词。deal with 还可表示“对付;交往;谈论;交易”。例如:
He has dealt with the problem well.
他已经把这个问题处理好了。
上句就 well 提问则有:How has he dealt with the problem? 他是怎样处理问题的?
3. settle 表示“处理”,有“最后的决定或裁决”之意。
The question/problem is finally settled.
问题最终解决了。
4. treat 表示“处理”主要指医生的“治疗”。例如:
Which doctor is treating your disease?
哪位大夫给你治病?
5. manage 表示“处理”具体事情。有“对付”和“设法做好”之意。例如:
She manages the money very well.
她将钱用得很妥当。
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