1.以表格形式,将统计的数据或被说明的事物直接用表格形式体现出来
2.表示数据的大小或数量之间的差异的柱状图
3.表示数据变化的曲线图
4.表示总体内部结构变化的扇形图
二、图表的一般结构：建议用三段式
三、图表类说明文的写作结构：
第一段：开门见山地点明本图表所反映的主题, 即conclusion.
第二段：分析数据间的主要差异及趋势，然后描写（在描写数据间变化及总趋势特征时，可采用分类式或对比式以支持主题，并阐明必要的理由）。注意层次。
第三段：归纳总结或发表评论
四、写作步骤：
1．审题（四确定）
1）确定类型
2）确定体裁
3）确定主体时态
4）确定主体人称
2.列要点
3.依要点, 拟草纲, 组织成句.
4.构篇章,扩句成文.
5.检查润色
6.书写
五、图标说明文常用词句。
1.常用词汇：
table(表格, 项目表), chart(图表), graph(图表, 曲线图)，figure（数据）,rate (比列，比率)，make a survey about…(做关于…的调查) , describe， tell, show, represent, Obviously/Apparently（很明显地），rise，increase（增多，增加），climb，go up， fall，decline（下降），decrease（减少，减低），drop，go down, ….
2.常用句型：
1).The rate of … is
2).There was a great /slight increase /rise in…
3).The main reason is that ….
4).The rate dropped slightly from 38%in… to 31% in…
5). By comparison with…, it decreased/increased/fell from…to…
6). From Chart 1, / According to Chart 2, /As is shown on Chart 1,
7）Besides/ What’s more/What’s worse.
8）In a word/In short/ Generally speaking /In summary/ As far as I am concerned.
3.单句训练：
1.由表1，我们可以看出……
2.最近的一项关于人们怎样度假的调查表明。
3.总之，通过对1996年和2005年所有比率的对比，我们可以看出，现在人们越来越关注享受生活。
4.1996年，12%的人选择到国外度假，但是到了2005年，这个比率翻了一翻。
5.选择上的比率由2002年的56.5%上升到2005年的81.2%。
6.这些变化有两方面的原因。
六、优秀背诵
1.下图是你们学校生每天各项活动的情况。请你根据此图用写一篇短文，介绍你校每天的生活。词数不少于120左右。
As is shown on Chart，we can know something about our school life .
We usually spend around eight hours on our studies every day. We have to more than eight periods of lessons per day. What’s more, much homework will have to be done daily by students. At the same time, the time for sports is less than one hour, which is just one class period. For the three meals， most of us have only about one hour. And we have 7 hours for sleep, which is obviously not adequate for（足够，适合） young students. We have very little leisure（空闲的）time--- about one hour each day. For other activities like reading newspapers, taking a walk, doing washing or going shopping, we have just one and a half hours in all.
The truth is that we are busy all day long. We really hope we can have more free time of our own.
2.下面的图表反映的是你校2002年与2005年学生状况的部分数据。请你用英语写一份报告，反映你校三年学生状况的变化情况，并提出两条相应的改进措施。
A recent survey shows that the health of the students in our school has been going from bad to worse in the past three years.
The number of nearsighted students has increased from 78.2% in 2002 to 92.5% in 2005, which that of overweight students from 36% to 52.2%. Nearly 10% of students lack sleep because of more homework to do. Besides, over 15% of students become mentally (精神上,上)unhealthy.
To improve students’ health, we call for less homework. Only in this way can students get plenty of sleep and meanwhile(同时; 其间) prevent them from being nearsighted. Proper(适当的) diets and exercise should also be paid attention to so that they won’t easily put on weight. With their heavy burdens（负担，重负）removed, students can then keep in normal mental health.
3.假如你是李华。你将代表学校参加国际中学生论坛，就你城市的状况发表。请根据以下两幅图表，介绍你市生的构成情况及毕业去向的选择，并针对两幅图表中的任何一个数据所反映的情况发表你自己的看法。
Ladies and gentlemen,
I’m Li Hua. Today, I’m greatly honoured to speak here on behalf of my school. I’m going to talk about the high school education of my city.
From chart1, we can see high school students are from different family backgrounds. Besides local students, who make up 91percent, eight percent of the students are the children of non-local workers. There are even 1 percent foreign students.
According to chart 2, the students’ choices after graduation have presented a wider variety. Sixty percent of them intend to go to universities. Thirty percent choose to enter vocational schools, and the rest ten percent plan to go to abroad for further studies.
I think, with the economic development of our city, more foreigners are attracted to set up business here and they are happy to send their children to local school to learn more about China and Chinese culture.
I believe the future of the education in our city is promising(有希望的, 有前途的). That’s all. Thank all.
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