高考英语语法复习策略

编辑: 逍遥路 关键词: 高中英语 来源: 高中学习网


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高考英语语法复习策略

一、状语从句的一些引导词需要着重注意

1.before: …before I could say a word./It may be some time before the situation improves How long it’ll be before I can go back to work? 2.when: It was six o’clock when they arrived at the hotel. 3.since: It’s three years since I smoked. 4.as: Great as the difficulty was,../Much as I admire,…

5.where: They notice that plants don’t grow well where there is much shade. My doctor advised me to live where the air is fresher. 6.主将从现:

I can when my headache disappear thoroughly. If you go, so will I.

二、时态和语态是很重要的考点

have been painting all day/be always doing/I did lock it/will still be sleeping/will have left The papers are still being corrected/It is being served in the dining room. 三、注意情态动词对过去表示推测的用法

比如,couldn’t have done/might have done/needn’t have done/should/ought to have done 特别是shall的用法: No student shall go out of school without the teacher’s permission. Tell him that he shall have the wonderful book tomorrow afternoon. It is the rule that every driver shall obey in this city. Shall I/he book a table? 请别忽视某些情态动词的特殊含义,如:

must : If you must know her name, her name is Mabel. would: When I was young, I would sit under the old tree listening to grandpa tell me stories. should: It’s strange that Tom, the most excellent student in our grade should fail in the exam. may: May you succeed!/May you be happy! 四、你需要记住一些交际用语,比如:

Just in case!/Take your time!/Take it easy!/You can’t be serious/Up to you!/What if?/Can you make it?/What for?/What kept you?/Of what?/Exactly!/With pleasure!/That isn’t due yet./The early train is due to leave at 5:30 a.m./I’ll give you a lift./Why not?/You are wanted on the phone. 五、非谓语动词——注意分清谓语与非谓语,比如:

She went to the market, bought some bananas and visited her cousin. She said, and turning away from him, walked rapidly away. Go straight ahead, and you will see a hotel in front of you.

完形填空:高考完形填空临场技法,完形填空就是在一篇语意完整的短文中有目的地制造一些空白,造成信息链的中断,让考生在理解短文的基础上,综合运用所学知识和常识,对每个题的备选项做出尽可能合理的分析、判断,从中选出正确答案或最佳答案,使重新构建的文章主旨鲜明,文意畅达,逻辑严密。

要做好完形填空,考生须具备扎实的基础知识以及快速阅读和理解的能力,另外,良好的心理素质和思维品质也至关重要。

有些考生虽然具有一定的基础,但完形填空题的得分却总不尽如人意。他们的问题概括起来主要有以下几方面:

1. 不善于抓文章的主旨大意,并以此为中心展开对整篇文章的推理、判断,导致理解上出现偏差,甚至与文章的中心相悖。

2. 容易受定势思维的干扰,对文意分析不透,忽视特定语境中英语知识的运用。

3. 对完形填空怀有厌倦、恐惧心理,以至做完形填空时处于应付状态。

那么,怎样才能提高做完形填空的准确率呢?大家应从以下三个方面入手训练思维能力和解题技巧:抓准主旨、透析文意、理清逻辑。并在做题的过程中把这三方面与做完形填空的三大步骤“浏览、细读和验证”做到有机结合,明确每一步思维的主攻方向。

一、通览全文,抓准主旨

有的同学或是急于求成,总想"一步到位",或是由于原文设置空格所造成的理解障碍,担心通读文章时不但抓不住大意反而浪费时间,未通览全文即边读边填,结果是就句论句,无法形成连贯的思路,或“见木不见林”,理解偏离文章的中心,欲速则不达。

大家首先要克服不良心理,满怀信心,全神贯注,目光越过空格,注重把握文章的整体内容,注意能体现文章大意的关键词句。开始阅读时可能会有模模糊糊,类似“钻山洞”的感觉,此时千万不可半途而废;再往下读,文意会逐渐显露,读完全文心里往往会有"豁然开朗"之感。另外,要重视文章首句的作用,一般情况下,首句不设空格,这就为大家窥视文章全貌提供了一个“窗口”。通过文章的首句大家可以对文章进行比较准确的定位。

另外,大家要给文章准确定位,不仅要重视文章的首句,有时注意一下文章的结尾,首尾联系起来,对文章的定位会更准确。

抓住文章的主旨大意后,考生围绕主旨大意去阅读、预测、推理、判断,往往会收到事半功倍的效果。抓住了主旨,一些干扰性强,容易使人犯想当然错误的选项也就起不到作用了。

二、细读全文,透析文意

有的考生在做完形填空题时,一看到一些自己比较熟悉的语法结构,如句子、短语等,便不假思索地去选,对特定的语境不去作深入的理解,导致“定势思维”错误。

事实上,从NMET完形填空的出题特点看,其干扰项的设置均与“语法结构”错误无关,重在文意的干扰,这是出题者近几年始终坚持的方向。NMET完形填空每个题的四个选项并不是一种单纯的词汇辨析,因为从语法的角度看每个选项都是正确的。因此是否能恰如其分地传达文意才是选择正确答案或最佳答案的唯一标准,要吃透文意,理解到位,大家应做到以下几点:

1. 注意上下文的内在联系

断章取义,就题论题,忽视上下文的信息提示是学生常犯的错误。考生在做完形填空的过程中,应学会边读边在大脑中储藏上下文的信息。信息提示有时出现在前面,有时出现在后面。如:

Eating spaghetti (意大利面条) caught my eye. The word "spaghetti" brought back the 36 of an evening at Uncle Alien’ s in Belleville (when) _37_ all of us were seated around the table and Aunt Pat (served) _38_ spaghetti for supper.(2004全国卷I)

36. A. memory B. thought C. knowledge D. experience 本题的信息提示出现在前面。做题的关键在于把握brought back与后面名词的搭配关系,即动词短语决定了名词的选择。bring back"把……带回来",因此此处只能是"把过去的记忆带回来",即"使人回忆起……",因此答案只能是A。

With these words I began to (face) _36_ the problem, the problem of my telephone addiction. I used to call people _37_ , from the moment I woke up to the time I went to sleep. I (waited) _38_ to be phoned, I wanted to phone. Just one more call.(2004全国卷Ⅱ)

37. A. now and then B. all the time C. at home D. at work 本题的信息提示出现在后面。空后的“从早晨醒来到上床睡觉”说明前面的动作是“经常、不断的”,因此答案只能是B。

2. 注意英汉两种语言的差异,不能简单地互译

出题者深知学生在英语学习过程中的弱点,往往从母语的角度设置干扰项来增加试题难度,考查学生的基本功和灵活运用能力,所以在平常的学习中,要逐渐培养自己的"语感",不要受母语的影响。

It started socially —a few calls each day. It seemed (fine) _39_ , just a quick chat. Gradually though, the (situation) _40_ got worse. Soon it was _41_ use, until, finally, addiction. (2004全国卷Ⅱ)

41. A. frequent B. regular C. unusual D. particular 本题如果仅凭汉语思维"经常用"电话,很容易误选B, regular虽然也有"经常的"的意思,但侧重指"固定的,有规律的",不是一个贬义词。因此此处表示最后作者打电话上瘾之前,打电话是一种"频繁的"行为,含有贬义,因此用"频繁的",表示行为"过火",答案为A。

3. 研读细节,准确认定语境

用学生平日常见的固定搭配来干扰学生对具体语境的认定,利用定势思维来增强试题的诱惑性。如:

I was phoning people and (leaving) _46_ messages to make sure _47_ calls would see me through the day. (2004全国卷Ⅱ)

47. A. long B. immediate C. enough D. surprising 本题仅看前面和后面介词短语的搭配,很容易误选A。但仔细推敲语境,此处并不表示电话的"长度",而表示电话的"数量",因此应选C。

4. 发挥逻辑思维能力,挖掘文章寓意、隐意

近几年NMET完形填空以叙事为主,有时加入一定的议论和说明,内容贴近生活,表层意思易于理解,所以很容易给学生造成一种"假象",产生“轻敌”心理,有些同学做完一篇完形填空以后,自我感觉不错,但一对答案错很多,原因是这些同学仅仅理解了文章的表层含义,而忽略了其深层含义。事实上,NMET完形填空文章大都包含一定的哲理、寓意,具备深层探询的可能性。这就要求考生不仅要明确文章的表层意义,还要挖掘出文章的深层含义,做到“表里一致”。如:

_52_ laughed, then the whole class was laughing with open?hearted enjoyment. I did my best not to show (pleasure) _53_ , but what I was feeling was pure happiness. 52. A. People B. Nobody C. Somebody D. I 本题要求根据事情发展的逻辑关系来判定答案。答案是C,此处叙述作者的作文给全班同学带来欢乐的过程,先是“有人”发笑,最后全班同学大笑,逻辑通顺。

5. 结合生活常识判断

At first, everyone on the team got _38_ playing time. Then the team moved up to the top division after winning all its games, and the _39_ started. Some parents, who had paid the coach extra so their daughters could have _40_ one?on?one training, got angry when she didn’t give them more playing time in our _41_ . The coach was replaced. (2004北京高考)

38. A. great B. equal C. right D. extra 39. A. business B. struggle C. attempt D. pressure 40. A. free B. private C. good D. basic 41. A. matches B. courses C. lessons D. programs 本文介绍作者(一个少年女子足球队员)踢足球的经历。一开始,我们得到“平等的(38)”踢球时间;然后当我们的队获得联赛冠军以后,怎样呢?结合生活常识判断,应是有了"压力(39)"。后面父母贿赂教练干什么呢?根据生活常识判断,应该是让自己的孩子得到“开小灶”的机会,因此40应选B, private“私人的”。41,父母生气是因为贿赂没有起作用,也就是在我们的“比赛”中,他们的女儿没有得到更多的上场比赛的时间。

三、全面验证,理清逻辑

NMET完形填空所选文章都堪称,其逻辑必是上下贯通,其脉络也必是自然有序,令人信服。因此,做完一篇完形填空以后,大家对文章的线索、脉络以及主旨、寓意等心里也应该有一种很"明朗"的感觉;如果做完以后,还是似懂非懂,犹如"雾里看花",那就证明你对文章的把握还有问题,还要复读全文,验证答案。大家可以从文章的内在逻辑入手,回味一下,看所选答案是否经得起推敲,是否能自然融入整个语篇,如果有游离于文章主旨之外或与整篇文章的逻辑相矛盾的答案,就需要重新理解、修正。有的同学做完完形填空以后,不加核查便草草"收场",结果让很明显的错误从眼前跳过,造成考场上不应有的"遗憾"。


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