量词的概念:
通常用来表示人、事物或动作的数量单位的词,叫做量词。
例如:a bag of (rice), a piece of (news), a cup of (tea)
量词词组的特点:
特点一:
英语量词词组所表示的数或量:大致可归纳为四种类型,即定量、不定量、大量和少量。
1、表示定量的量词词组:
如:a couple of(两个、一对)?a couple of days,a couple o fplayers,a couple of times
a cupful of(一满杯)?a cupful of jelly,a cupful of water
a portion of(一份/客)?a portion of duck,a portion of roastbeef
2、表示不定量的量词词组:
如:a majority of(大多数/大半)?a majority of opinions,a majority of votes
an atom of(一点)?an atom of food,an atom of truth
a spell of(一阵/一段时间)?a spell of fine weather,a spell of coughing
3、表示大量的量词词组:
如:a flood of?a flood of ink(洋洋大篇),a flood of tears(泪如泉涌)
a heap of?a heap of earth(一堆泥土),a heap of customers(许多顾客)
a mountain of?a mountain of debts(债台高筑),a mountain of difficulties(困难重重)
4、表示少量的量词词组:
如:a drop of?a drop of fever(有点热度),a drop of dew(一点露水)
a particle of?a particle of feeling(一丝感情),a particle of dust(一点灰尘)
a shadow of?a shadow of doubt(一点怀疑),a shadow of freedom(一点自由)
特点二:
有些数量词组修饰可数名词,有些数量词组修饰不可数名词,还有些则两者均可修饰。
1、修饰不可数名词的量词词组:
如:a bit of?a bit of English(一点英语),a bit of good advice(一些好意见),
a bit of interest(一点兴趣), a shred of?a shredofevidence(一点证据)
a shred of cloth(少量布),a shred of reputation(一点声誉)
a sheet of?a sheet of glass(一块玻璃), a sheet of water(一片汪洋)
2、修饰可数名词的量词词组:
如:a cluster of?a cluster of flowers(一簇花),a cluster of spectators(一群观众),a cluster of bright stars(闪烁群星)
a string of?a string of pearls(一串珠子),a string of curses(连续不断的咒骂),a string of excuses(一连串借口)
a scram of?a scram of mosquitoes(一群蚊子),a scram of geese(一群鹅),a scram of children(一群孩子)
3、修饰(不)可数名词的量词词组:
如:a body of?a body of bees(一群蜜蜂),a body of coldair(一股冷空气),a body of facts(许多事实)
a block of?a block of ice(一大块冰),a block of flats(一幢公寓),a block of houses(一排房子)
a chain of?a chain of ideas(一系列想法),a chain of accidents(一连串事故),a chain of proof(一连串证据)
特点三:
有些数量词组的搭配是固定的,而有些搭配则比较灵活。
1、搭配固定的量词词组:
如:a barrel of?a barrel of beer(一桶啤酒),a barrel of crudeoil(一桶原油)
a basket of?a basket of eggs(一篮鸡蛋),a basket of apples(一篮苹果)
a line of?a line of trees(一行树),a line of poetry(一行诗)
2、搭配较灵活的量词词组:
如:a piece of?a piece of paper(一张纸),a piece of furniture(一件家具),a piece of equipment(一台设备)
a round of?a round of spirit(一巡酒),a round of diplomatic talks(一轮外交谈判),a round of toast(一片烤面包)
a bar of?a bar of chocolate(一块巧克力),a bar of soap(一条肥皂),a bar of light(一束光)
一些常见的量词及搭配:
1、一般性的表示个数的量词:
这一组中主要有piece, bit, item, article等词,但piece具有独特的地位,在使用其他词的地方一般都可使用piece代替之。
如:piece: a piece of meat/paper/bread/music/information/furniture/machinery, etc.一片肉/一张纸/一片面包/一首曲子/一条信息/一件家具/一台机器等
bit: a bit of news/wood/advice/trouble, etc. 一条消息/一块木头/一条建议/一件麻烦事等
item: an item of news/crime/program/business, etc. 一条新闻/一宗罪行/一个项目/一笔生意等
article: an article o fexport/furniture/clothing/luggage, etc. 一宗出口/一件家具/一件衣服/一件行李等
2、以形状表示个数的量词:
如:bar: a bar of chocolate/candy 一块巧克力/一块糖
bunch: a bunch of flowers/grapes/keys 一束花/一串葡萄/一串钥匙
cake: a cake of soap/ice 一块肥皂/一块冰
cluster: a cluster of stars/flowers/animals 一群星/一束花/一群动物
comb: a comb of bananas 一串香蕉
drop: a drop of rain/blood 一滴雨/一滴血
ear: an ear of corn/wheat 一棒玉米/一穗麦子
flight: a flight of stairs/arrows/sparrows 一段楼梯/一阵箭雨/一群麻雀
flock: a flock of workmen/criminals/boys 一群工人/一伙罪犯/一群男孩
head: a head of cabbage/cauliflower/sheep 一头卷心菜/一块花菜/一头羊
lump: a lump of sugar/coal/clay一块糖/一块煤/一块土
spiral: a spiral of mosquito incense 一盘蚊香
slice: a slice of meat/bread/beef 一片肉/一片面包/一块牛肉
swarm: a swarm of bees 一群蜜蜂
bevy: a bevy of beauties/girls/ladies 一群美人/一群女孩/一群女士
gathering: a gathering of friends 一帮朋友
clump: a clump of trees 一丛树林
pack: a pack of rascals/wolves 一群流氓/一群狼
3、表示容积的词:
如:bottle: a bottle of ink/milk/wine 一瓶酒/一瓶牛奶/一瓶葡萄酒
bowl: a bowl of rice/porridge 一碗米饭/一碗粥
pail: a pail of water 一桶水
glass: a glass of beer 一杯啤酒
cup: a cup of tea 一杯茶
handful: a handful of soil 一?土
spoonful: a spoonful of oil 一汤匙油
mouthful: a mouthful of snow 一口雪
truckload: a truckload of steel 一卡车钢材
packet: a packetof cigarette 一包烟
4、表示行为动态的量词:
如:fit: a fit of laughter 一阵笑声
peal: a peal of thunder 一阵雷声
flash: a flash of light 一道闪电
display: a display of force 一番武力展示
还有:①a drove of horses(一群马)
②a flock of goats(一群山羊)
③a herd of elephants(一群大象)
④a pack of wolves(一群狼)
⑤a pride of lion(一群狮子)
⑥a skulk of foxes(一群狐狸)
相关高中英语知识点:介词和介词短语
介词和介词短语的概念:
介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词,在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组,在句中作状语,表语,补语或介词宾语。介词可以分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词和其他介词。
误用介词的三种情况:
1、多用介词:
多用介词可能是受汉语意思的影响将及物动词误用作不及物动词,也可能是受相关结构的影响而用错:
误:We discussed about the plan.
正:We discussed the plan. 我们讨论了计划。
误:Did he mention about the accident?
正:Did he mention the accident? 他提到那次事故了吗?
误:I saw her enter into the bank.
正:I saw her enter the bank. 我看见她进了银行。
误:He married with[to] a nurse.
正:He married a nurse. 他同一位护士结了婚。
误:How can contact with you?
正:How can contact you? 我怎么与你联系?
误:We should serve for the people heart and soul.
正:We should serve the people heart and soul. 我们应该全心全意地为人民服务。
误:Who controls over the factory? (但名词control可接over)
正:Who controls the factory? 谁管理这个工厂?
误:He has a great many of friends here. (比较a great number of)
正:He has a great many friends here. 他在这儿有很多朋友。
2、漏用介词:
漏用介词可能是受汉语意思的影响将不及物动词误用作及物动词,或是受相关结构的影响的影响而用错等:
误:This matter is difficult to deal. (deal with=处理)
正:This matter is difficult to deal with. 这事很难处理。
误:He is not a man to be depended.
正:He is not a man to be depended on. 他不是个可靠的人。
误:He took a cup of tea, and went on the story.
正:He took a cup of tea, and wentonwiththestory.他喝了一口茶,又接着讲故事。
误:My mother still regards me a child. (比较consider…as中的as可省略)
正:My mother still regards me as a child. 我母亲还把我当小孩看。
误:They insisted sending a car over to fetch us.
正:They insisted on sending a car over to fetch us.他们坚持要派车来接我们。
误:What he says is worth listening.
正:What he said is worth listening to.他的话值得一听。
3、错用介词:
错用介词的情况比较复杂,可能是因受汉语意思的而错,也可能是因弄不清搭配关系而错,可能是混淆用法而错,也可能是受相关结构的影响而错,可能是忽略语境而错,也可能是想当然的用错:
误:She called on his office yesterday. (call on+人,call at+地点)
正:She called at his office yesterday. 她昨天去了他办公室拜访。
误:He is engaged with a nurse.
正:He is engaged to a nurse.他与一位护士订了婚。
误:The sun rises from the east.
正:The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。
误:Under his help, I finished it in time.
正:With his help, I finished it in time. 在他的帮助下,我及时做完了。
误:During he was in Japan, he visited many places.
正:During his stay in Japan, he visited many places.他在日本期间,参观过许多地方。
误:We are familiar to his character.
正:We are familiar with his character.我们了解他的性格。
误:Help yourself with the fruit.
正:Help yourself to the fruit.吃点水果吧。
介词的宾语:
1、名词或代词作介词宾语:
如:Are you interested in history? 你对历史感兴趣吗?
Don't worry about it. 别为它担心。
注:若是人称代词用作介词宾语,要注意用宾格。
如:No one can sing like her. 没有人能像她那样唱歌。(不能用like she)
2、动名词作介词宾语:
如:He is good at telling stories. 他善于讲故事。
In crossing the street he was run over. 他在穿过马路时被汽车撞倒。
3、过去分词作介词宾语:
如:We can't regard the matter as settled. 我们不能认为这事已经解决。
I take it for granted you have read the book. 我以为你读过这本书。
注:过去分词用作介词宾语通常只见于某些固定结构中,如上面第1句涉及regard…as(认为…是)结构,第2句涉及take sth for granted(认为某事属实)。在其他情况下,介词后通常不直接跟过去分词作宾语,若语义上需要接过去分词(表被动),可换用“being+过去分词”:
如:He went out without being seen by the others.他出去了,没有被其他人看见。
4、从句作介词宾语:
如:He was not satisfied with what she said. 他对她说的不满意。
I'm worried about where he is. 我担心他上哪儿去了。
注:介词后通常不接that从句,遇此情况需考虑用其他结构:
误:He paid no attention to that she was poor.
正:He paid no attention to the fact that she was poor. 他根本不注意她很穷这一事实。
但有个别介词(如except)可接that从句。
比较:I know nothing about him except that he lives next door./I know nothing about him except for the fact that he lives next door. 我只知道他住在隔壁,其它的就不知道了。
5、不定式作介词宾语:
如:I had no choice but to wait. 除了等,我没有别的选择。
He wanted nothing but to stay there. 他只想留在那儿。
They did nothing but complain. 他们老是一个劲地抱怨。
He never did anything but watch TV. 除了看电视,他从不干任何事。
注:(1)介词后接不定式的情形通常只见于but, except等极个别个词。该不定式有时带to,有时不带to,其区别是:若其前出现了动词do,其后的不定式通常不带to;
若其前没有出现动词do,则其后的不定式通常带to。
(2)介词后虽然通常不直接跟不定式作宾语,但却可接“连接代词(副词)+不定式”结构:
如:He gave me some advice on how to do it. 对于如何做这事他给我提了些建议。
6、形容词作介词宾语:
如:Her pronunciation is far from perfect. 她的语音远不是完美的。
In short, we must be prepared. 总而言之,我们要有准备。
Things have gone from bad to worse. 事情越来越糟。
注:(1)有些形容词用作介词宾语可视为其前省略了动名词being:
如:He regarded the situationas(being) serious. 他认为形势严重。
His work is far from(being) satisfactory. 他的工作丝毫不令人满意。
(2)有些“介词+形容词”的结构已构成固定搭配:in full全部地,全面地,无省略地; in private私下地,秘密地; in particular特别地;in general一般地,通常地,概括地; in brief 简言之;in short总之,简言之; in vain徒然地,徒劳无益地;for fee免费地,无偿地; for certain肯定地,确切地;for sure肯定地,确切地; for short为了简短,简称;atl arge自由自在地,逍遥法外; by far…得多
7、副词作介词宾语:
如:I can't stay for long. 我不能久呆。
It's too hot in here. 这里面太热了。
I looked every where except there. 除了那儿,我到处都看过了。
8、数词作介词宾语:
如:The city has a population of four million. 这座城市有四百万人口。
He was among the first to arrive. 他是第一批到的。
9、介词短语作介词宾语:
如:Choose a book from among these. 从这些书中选一本吧。
I saw her from across the street. 我从街的对面望见了她。
注:通常可后接介词短语作宾语的介词是from, till, until, since, except, instead of等。
比较:I took it from the bed. 我从床那儿(或床上)拿的。
I took it from under the bed. 我从床下拿的。
10、复合结构用作介词宾语:
如:She had no objection to Mary marrying him. 她不反对玛丽与他结婚。
She came in with a book in her hand. 她手里拿着一本书走了进来。
All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。
介词短语的句法功能:
1、表语:
如:He was with a friend. 他和一个朋友在一起。
Health is above wealth. 健康胜过财富。
This knife is for cutting bread. 这把小刀是用于切面包的。
注:有些介词(如because of)引出的短语通常只用作状语,不用作表语:
误:His absence is because of the rain.
正:His absence is due to the rain. 他因雨未来。
但是,若主语是代词(不是名词),becauseof引出的短语可用作表语:
如:It is because of hard work. 那是因为辛苦工作的原因。
2、状语:
如:Don't touch it with your hands. 别用手去摸它。
Did you do this by design or by accident? 你这样做是有意的还是无意的?
3、定语:
如:This is his reply to your letter. 这是他给你的回信。
This is the best way of doing it. 这是做此事最好的方法。
My love for you is deeper than the sea. 我对你的爱比海深。
4、宾语补足语:
如:I found everythingin good condition. 我发现一切正常。
Her illness kept her in bed for a week. 她因生病在床上躺了一星期。
注:用作宾语补足语的介词短语在相应的被动语态中则为主语补足语:
如:He was regarded as a hero. 他被看成是英雄。
5、宾语:
如:A man stepped out from behind the wall. 一个人从墙后走出来。
He cannot spare anytime except on Sunday. 除星期日外,他抽不出时间。
6、主语:
如:Between6 and 7 suits me. 六点到七点对我比较适合。
After the exams is the time to relax. 考试后是轻松一下的时间。
注:介词短语通常不用作主语,尽管有时也像上面这样用作主语,但通常可视为是在一定的上下文中有所省略:
如:?When are we going to have the next meeting? 我们下次什么时候见面?
?On Tuesday may be convenient. 星期二可能比较方便。
此句中onTuesday虽用作主语,但可视为是其前省略了meeting一词:
即:Meeting during the vacation may be convenient.
本文来自:逍遥右脑记忆 http://www.jiyifa.net/gaozhong/264828.html
相关阅读:想开口需先听懂对方表达 三招教你开口说英语