反身代词的定义:
反身代词是一种表示反射或强调的代词。它的基本含义是:
通过反身代词指代主语,使施动者把动作在形式上反射到施动者自己。因此,反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系,在人称、性别、数上保持一致。
反身代词的句法功能:
(1)用作同位语(加强被修饰词的语气,紧放在被修饰名词后,或句末):
如:The box itself is not so heavy.箱子本身并不重。
You yourself said so./ You said so yourself. 你自己是这样说的。
(2)用作宾语(动词或介词的宾语):
Take good care of yourself. 照顾好自己。
She could not make herself understood. 她不能使别人听懂她的话。
(3)用作表语:
The poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。
The ones who really want it are ourselves. 真正想要它的是我们自己。
有时用于be, feel, seem, look 等后作表语表示身体或精神处于正常状态:
I'm not quite myself these days. 我近来身体不大舒服。
I'll be myself again in no time.我过一会儿就会好的。
(4)用作主语:
在现代英语中,反身代词一般不能独立用作主语,但是它却可以借助and,or,nor等连词与其他名词一起构成并列主语(且位于并列主语的后部),以及用于某些特殊结构(如as...as等):
My brother and myself went there yesterday.昨天我兄弟和我一起去了那儿。
Jim's sister and himself get up at six everyday.吉姆的妹妹和他每天6点起床。
He was as anxious as myself. 他和我一样担心。
反身代词人称、单复数对比:
单数 | 复数 | |
第一人称 | myself | ourselves |
第二人称 | yourself | yourselves |
第三人称 | himself | themselves |
herself | themselves | |
itself | themselves |
反身代词的基本形式:
反身代词是oneself 根据所指词的人称、性别、单复数等的变化可以有myself, himself, herself, yourself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves 等形式。
oneself 与 himself:
当one指人时,其相应的反身代词通常用oneself,在美国英语中也可用 himself:One should not praise oneself[himself].一个人不应该自吹自擂。
反身代词知识体系:
反身代词用法拓展:
1、反身代词不能做主语,但可作主语同位语,放在主语后或句末。
错:Myself went to the cinema.
对:I went to the cinema myself.
2、反身代词可以作宾语的同位语。如:You can go and ask John himself. 你可以去问约翰本人。
3、反身代词可以作介词的宾语,如:by oneself 全靠自己
She learnt swimming all by herself. 她是自学游泳的。
She said to herself,"Who am I?" 她自言自语的说:“我是谁?”
4、反身代词作动词的宾语。如:enjoy oneself 玩得高兴;help oneself (to) 随便用..... hurt oneself 伤害自己;
teach oneself 自学;get dressed oneself 自己穿衣。
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