猜测词义题解题技巧
在阅读中我们经常会遇到许多生词。这时许多同学立即翻阅词典,查找词义。这样做不但费时费力,而且影响阅读速度、影响对语篇的整体把握。事实上,阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。我们可以利用语境(各种已知信息)推测、判断某些生词的词义。近年来全国统一高考中加大了对考生猜词义能力的考查,因此,掌握一定的猜词技巧,对突破高考阅读理解、提高我们的英语语言能力都有非常重要的意义。
这种题常见的提问方式有:
The word in paragraph can best be replaced by .
The underlined word most probably means .
By saying , the author means
The expression is closest to
According to the passage, the phrase suggests
The underlined part (in Para. ) means ..
做这种类型的题,要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生,我们要特别注意熟词生义,切不可脱离语境想当然。
猜测词义时,一般可利用以下三个方面的线索:
一. 针对性的解释
针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想,在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或高深的词汇等所做的通俗化的解释。这些解释提供的信息明确具体,所使用的语言通俗易懂,利用它们来猜测词义就非常简单。
1. 根据定义(definition)猜测词义
如果生词有一个句子或段落来定义,那么理解这个句子或段落本身就是推断词义。
定义常用的谓语动词多为:be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, be called, define, represent, refer to, signify 等。
例如:(05 湖北卷A段)Do you know what a territory is ? A territory is an area that an animal ,usually the male, claims(声称)as its own.
由定义可推知,这里territory指的是:动物的地盘。
(04 浙江卷B段)Green building means reducing the impact (影响) of the building on the land.
由定义我们可以推断这里 Green building 指的是什么。
2.根据复述推测词义
虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细,但是它提供的信息可以为阅读者猜测词义提供
依据,至少读者可以根据复述猜测生词的大致义域(意义范围)。复述部分可以是词、短语、或从句。
同位语复述:在复述中构成同位关系的两部分之间常用逗号连接,有时也使用破折号,冒号,分号,引号和括号等。同位语前常有 or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say, i.e. 等。
例如:(05浙江卷B段)In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today.
由同位语an endangered wild cat我们很快猜出生词ocelots的义域:一种濒临灭绝野猫。
定语从句复述:
例如:(04 福建卷E段)Here is The Pines ,whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou ,wild boar ,and reindeer with surprising sauces .
According the passage, The Pines is a .
A.place in which you can see many mobile homes
B.mountain where you can get a good view of the valley
C.town which happens to be near the Banff National Park
D.restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food
通过whose引导的定语从句,我们可以推测到:The Pines 是一家餐馆的名字,由此不难推出理解题的答案为:D。
2. 根据举例猜测词义
恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索。
例如:(04 辽宁卷C段)The course gives you chances to know great power polities between nation states. It will provide more space to study particular issues such as relationship among countries in the European Union, third world debt, local and international disagreement, and the work of such international bodies as the United Nations, the European Union, NATO, and the World Bank.
根据such as 后面列举的一系列例子,我们应该能推断出句中的issue 是指议题。
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