一、考查现在完成时的用法之一“过影现”
“过影现”表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。此时,常与时间副词already(已经),yet(还;已经),just(刚刚;仅仅),ever(曾经),never(从不),before(以前)等连用。注意:already常用于肯定句中,yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”,用在否定句中意为“还”。如:
She has lost her bike.她把自行车丢了。(“丢”这个动作是过去发生的,对现在造成的结果是“她现在没有自行车骑了”。)
I’ve already read this book.我已经读过这本书了。(“读”这一动作发生在过去,对现在造成的影响是“我已知道书中的内容”。)
【中考题例】
1. Julia isn’t going to the cinema with us because she____the film.(2013年湖州卷)
A. sees
B.saw
C. will see
D. has seen
2.- Have you finished your homework?
____.Just half of it.How about you?(2013年苏州卷)
A. Not at all
B. Not likely
C.Not a bit
D. Not yet
3.- Your shoes are so old Why don’t you buy a new pair?
- Because I____all my money on an MP5.(2013年广东卷)
A.spend
B.have spent
C. am spending
D.was spending
二、考查现在完成时的用法之二“过延现”
“过延现”表示过去已经开始,延续到现在的动作或状态,甚至还可能继续延续下去。常与for或slnce引出的时间状语连用,动词必须是延续性动词。如:live,study,work,be,wait,know,stay,teach,keep,walk,sleep等。注意:for为介词,后面要接“一段时间”;smce用作介词时,后面接“过去的时间点”;since用作连词时,后面接“从句”(从句谓语动词用一般过去时)。另外,SO far(至今),up to now(到目前为止)也常与现在完成时连用。如:
Mr. Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city.自从王先生到这个城市以来,他就在这家工厂工作。
So far, she has learnt about two thousand English words.到目前为止,她已经学了大约2000个英语单词。
The baby has slept for three hours.孩子已睡三个小时了。
温馨提醒:非延续性动词表示某一瞬间就结束的动作,常见的有:come, go, arrive, reach, see, hear, close, open, leave,begin, start, lose, buy, fall, join, die, get up, become, borrow,lend.find,finish,receive等。这些动词可用于现在完成时,说明某个动作的结果还存在,但不能和表示一段时间的状语如how long,for,since连用。可将它们转换为表示延续状态的词,如:buy-have , borrow/ lend-keep, join-be in/be a member of,die-be dead,leave-be away(from),begin-be on等。试体会下列例句:
A他人团两年了。
误:He has joined the League for two years.
正:He has been a League member for two years.
A我买这辆自行车三年了。
误:I have bought this bike for three years.
正:I have had this bike for three years.
A他离开家五天了。
误:He-left home for five days.
正:He has been away from home for five days.
【中考题例】
4. My uncle has been taught in this school____he wastwenty years old. (2013年鞍山卷)
A. since
B.for
C.until
D.after
5.-Look at these stamps.I____them for five years.
-Wow, they are wonderful.(2013年衡阳卷)
A. kept
B.have kept
C.have bought
6.He____Luzhou for three months. (2013年泸州卷)
A. has left
B.has come to
C. has gone to
D.has been away from
7.-How long has Robert____?
-Since 2004. (2013年济南卷)
A. been to Beijing
B.become a policeman
C. joined the art club
D.studied in this school
三、考查have/has gone to,have/has been to与have/hasbeen in的区别
have/has been to表示“曾经去过某地”,现在人已经不在那儿了;have/has gone to表示“已去了某地”,说话时,该人已不在现场,可能在去某地的途中,也可能已经到达目的地,一般不用第一、二人称作主语。注意:后接地点副词时,介词to要省略;have beenin表示“某人在某地”,去了某个地方或来到了某个地方多久。
【中考题例】
8.-1s Tom at home?
-No, he___to town. (2013年天津卷)
A. has been
B.has gone
C.goes
D.will go
9. A number of tourists
.Yangzhou many timesbecause it is,such a beautiful city.(2013年扬州卷)
A. have been to
B.has been to
C. has gone to
D.have gone to
10.-Jack,I haven’t seen your uncle for a lortg time.
-He________Shanghai on business for two months.(2013年随州卷)
A. went tO
B.has gone to
C. has been in
D.has been to
四、考查现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
现在完成时与一般过去时都可以表示过去发生的动作,但二者的侧重点不同。一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,也可表示过去习惯性的动作,不涉及与现在的关系。常与表示过去的具体时间状语连用,如:yesterday,last year,in1998,three years ago等。而现在完成时强调过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,以及过去已开始并延续到现在的动作,与现在有着密切的关系,不能与表示过去的时间状语连用。
【中考题例】
11. - Anna, have you____seen China’s Got Talent(达人秀)?
-Of course.I
it last weekend.(2013年成宁卷)
A. never;saw
B.ever;have seen
C. never;have seen[)。ever;saw
12.- Have you had your breakfast yet?
-Yes. Mom_
it for me.(2013年江西卷)
A. was cooking
B.is cooking
C.will cook
D.cooked
Key: 1~5 DDBAB
6—10 DDBAC
11~12 DD
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