◆experience n.
1. 用作名词,表示“经验”、“体验”,是不可数名词;而表示“经历”、“感受”,通常是可数名词。如:
Experience is the best teacher. 经验是最好的老师。
I know from experience that he will arrive late. 据我的经验,他会迟到的。
He had many interesting experiences while travelling inAfrica. 他在非洲旅行时,有很多有趣的经历。
表示做某事的经验,其后通常不接不定式,而接 in [of] doingsth。如:
He has had many years’ experience in [of] wheat planting [planting wheat]. 他有多年种小麦的经验。
He has had much experience in [of] this kind of work. 他有丰富的经验做这项工作。
比较:experiece in [of] teaching=teaching experience(教学经验)
2. 用作动词,表示“体验”、“经历”等,只用作及物动词。如:
The child had never experienced kindness. 这孩子从未受过善待。
He experienced great hardships for the first time in his life. 他有生以来第一次体验到巨大的艰苦。
注:有时其过去分词用作形容词。如:
He’s quite experienced in [at] teaching beginners. 他在教初学者方面很有经验。
Even experienced teachers can make mistakes. 即使有经验的教师也可能犯错误。
◆experiment n. & v.
1. 用作名词,表示抽象意义的“试验”或“尝试”,通常是不可数名词;表示具体意义的“实验”或“试验”,通常是可数名词;要表示“做实验”,通常用动词 do, make, carry out, perform 等。如:
Some people learn by experiment and others by experience. 有的人通过实验学习,有的人通过经验学习。
They are doing [making] a physical experiment. 他们在做物理实验。
They carried out an experiment on him (on the monkey). 他们对他(猴子)做了个实验。
2. 有时用作动词,通常只用作不及物动词。如:
We experiments on [upon] animals. 我们用动物做实验。
◆expert n. & adj.
既可用作名词(意为“专家”),也可以用作形容词(意为“熟练的”)。表示某一方面的专家或能手,通常用介词 at, in, on。比较:
她是教小孩的能手。
正:She is an expert at [in, on] teaching children.
正:She is expert at [in, on] teaching children.
注:表示某一方面的能手或专家,通常不用介词 of。如:
他是一位火箭专家。
误:He is an expert of rockets.
正:He is an expert at [in, on] rockets.
◆explain v.
1. 表示“解释”,通常不接双宾语(若语义上需要这类结构,可以改用 explain sth to sb)。如:
请把这条规则给我们解释一下。
误:Please explain us this rule.
正:Please explain this rule to us.
若其中的 sth 较长或较复杂 (比如是不定式或从句),也可以用explain to sb sth。如:
He explained to us why he was late. 他给我们解释了他迟到的原因。
2. 其后可接反身代词宾语,意为把自己的意思解释清楚或为自己的行为作出解释等。如:
Could you explain yourself a bit more? 你能把意思说得更清楚点吗?
Explain yourself. Why did you do it? 你解释一下,你为什么干那样的事?
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