常考词的语法与用法:experience, experiment, expert, explain

编辑: 逍遥路 关键词: 高中英语 来源: 高中学习网


◆experience n.

1. 用作名词,表示“经验”、“体验”,是不可数名词;而表示“经历”、“感受”,通常是可数名词。如:

Experience is the best teacher. 经验是最好的老师。

I know from experience that he will arrive late. 据我的经验,他会迟到的。

He had many interesting experiences while travelling inAfrica. 他在非洲旅行时,有很多有趣的经历。

表示做某事的经验,其后通常不接不定式,而接 in [of] doingsth。如:

He has had many years’ experience in [of] wheat planting [planting wheat]. 他有多年种小麦的经验。

He has had much experience in [of] this kind of work. 他有丰富的经验做这项工作。

比较:experiece in [of] teaching=teaching experience(教学经验)

2. 用作动词,表示“体验”、“经历”等,只用作及物动词。如:

The child had never experienced kindness. 这孩子从未受过善待。

He experienced great hardships for the first time in his life. 他有生以来第一次体验到巨大的艰苦。

注:有时其过去分词用作形容词。如:

He’s quite experienced in [at] teaching beginners. 他在教初学者方面很有经验。

Even experienced teachers can make mistakes. 即使有经验的教师也可能犯错误。

◆experiment n. & v.

1. 用作名词,表示抽象意义的“试验”或“尝试”,通常是不可数名词;表示具体意义的“实验”或“试验”,通常是可数名词;要表示“做实验”,通常用动词 do, make, carry out, perform 等。如:

Some people learn by experiment and others by experience. 有的人通过实验学习,有的人通过经验学习。

They are doing [making] a physical experiment. 他们在做物理实验。

They carried out an experiment on him (on the monkey). 他们对他(猴子)做了个实验。

2. 有时用作动词,通常只用作不及物动词。如:

We experiments on [upon] animals. 我们用动物做实验。

◆expert n. & adj.

既可用作名词(意为“专家”),也可以用作形容词(意为“熟练的”)。表示某一方面的专家或能手,通常用介词 at, in, on。比较:

她是教小孩的能手。

正:She is an expert at [in, on] teaching children.

正:She is expert at [in, on] teaching children.

注:表示某一方面的能手或专家,通常不用介词 of。如:

他是一位火箭专家。

误:He is an expert of rockets.

正:He is an expert at [in, on] rockets.

◆explain v.

1. 表示“解释”,通常不接双宾语(若语义上需要这类结构,可以改用 explain sth to sb)。如:

请把这条规则给我们解释一下。

误:Please explain us this rule.

正:Please explain this rule to us.

若其中的 sth 较长或较复杂 (比如是不定式或从句),也可以用explain to sb sth。如:

He explained to us why he was late. 他给我们解释了他迟到的原因。

2. 其后可接反身代词宾语,意为把自己的意思解释清楚或为自己的行为作出解释等。如:

Could you explain yourself a bit more? 你能把意思说得更清楚点吗?

Explain yourself. Why did you do it? 你解释一下,你为什么干那样的事?


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