◆blind,deaf & lame adj.
1. 用于本义:blind 意为“瞎的”,deaf 意为“聋的”,lame
意为“瘸的”,它们在用法上应注意:
(1) 通常不以相关部位(如 eye, ear, foot 等)作主语,而通常以“人”作主语(其后通常接介词 in)。如:
He is blind in both eyes. 他双目失明。
He is deaf in one ear. 他一只耳朵聋了。
The horse is lame in the left foot. 这匹马左脚是跛的。
有时用介词 of, 但较少见:He is deaf of one ear.
注意不能说:His eyes are blind. /His ears are deaf. /His legs are lame.
(2) 表示“变瞎”、“变聋”、“变瘸”等,通常用连系动词 go, become 等。如:
The old man has gone blind (deaf, lame). 这位老人眼睛变瞎(耳朵变聋,脚变瘸)了。
(3) 三者都可与定冠词连用,表示“瞎子”、“聋子”、“瘸子”等这一类人。若用作主语,谓语通常用复数。如:
He set up a school for the blind (the deaf, the lame). 他为盲人(耳聋者,脚瘸者)创办了一所学校。
Now the blind have books to read. 现在盲人也有书读。
(4) 形容一个很瞎,通常说他 as blind as a bat;形容一个人很聋,通常说他 as deaf as a post [stone, door-post, door-nail]。有时也有其它一些副词修饰。如:very [stone] deaf 很聋
2. 用于引申义,表示“对……视而不见或看不到”、“对……不肯听或充耳不闻”等,其后一般用介词 to。如:
He was blind to all arguments. 和他有理讲不通。
He was deaf to all advice. 他听不进任何劝告。
The boss sometimes turns a blind eye to smoking in theoffice. 老板有时对在办公室抽烟视而不见。
She turned a deaf ear to our warnings and got lost. 她对我们的警告充耳不闻,结果迷了路。
◆blow v. & n.
用作动词,表示“吹”;而用作名词,却表示“打击”。如:
The wind blew on her face. 风迎面吹来。
He gave me a blow in the eye. 他冲着我的眼睛打了一拳。
It was a great blow to her when her mother died. 她母亲去世对她是个极大的打击。
注意:不要弄混用作动词和名词时的不同含义。如:
他给我重重地一击。
正:He struck me heavily.
正:He gave me a heavy blow.
误:He blew me heavily.
◆body n.
1. 表示“身体”,但并不与汉语的“身体”完全同义:
(1) 相对于精神(mind, spirit, soul)的“身体”以及侧重指躯体的“身体”等,可用 body 来表示。如:
You can imprison my body but not my mind. 你可以禁锢我的身体但不能禁锢我的精神。
His body is old but his mind is young. 他身体虽然老了,但心还很年轻。
(2) 侧重指躯体、躯干等的“身体”,也可用 body 表示。如:
He wore clothes to keep his body warm. 他穿衣服以暖和身子。
He was badly burned on the face and body. 他的脸部和身上都严重烧伤。
(3) 表示健康状况的“身体”,一般不能直接用 body, 可改用其它说法(如用 health, healthy 等)。如:
He is in good health. / He is healthy. 他身体健康。
Keep healthy, study well and work well. 身体好,学习好,工作好。
2. 表示“尸体”。如:
The police found a body at the bottom of the lake. 警方在湖底发现一具尸体。
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