◆divide v.
1. 表示“分开”、“划分”,通常指把整体分为若干部分,其后常接介词 into。如:
Let’s divide ourselves into groups. 我们分成几个小组吧。
He divided the cake into three parts. 他把蛋糕分成三块。
注:有时也可表示把原来连在一起或靠近的东西分隔开来,与介词 from 连用(此用法以用 sparate 更为常见)。如:
The Red Sea divides Africa from Asia. 红海把非洲和亚洲分开。
2. 表示“分配”、“分享”、“分担”等意义,其后根据情况可用 between, among, with 等介词。如:
Divide the cake among you. 这块蛋糕你们几个人分了吧。
He divided his time between work and study. 他把时间分别花在工作和学习上。
They divided the money between [among] themselves. 他们把那笔钱分了。
◆do v.
用法较多,较复杂,在具体使用中以下几点需注意:
1. 用来强调句中的谓语动词(要重读),以加强语气,此时谓语的时态由 do 来体现,其后的谓语动词用原形。如:
He does speak well. 他的确说得好。
He said he would come and he did come. 他说他会来的,他果然来了。
以上用法若用于祈使句中,可使语气更客气友好或更有说服力。如:
Do sit down. 请坐请坐!
Do be careful. 一定要仔细。
注:以上用 do 表示强调的用法只见于肯定句,不见于否定句或疑问句。如:
误:You don’t do look nice today.
误:Don’t do be careless.
2. 用于 do +动名词:表示一项需要一段时间的活动或经常性的活动(如日常生活,业余爱好等)。注意:在这类用法中,在 do与动名词之间往往有一个限定词(如:the, some, my, much, a lot of 等)。如:
Mother does her washing on Sunday. 母亲星期天洗衣服。
Can you do the shopping for me? 你可以替我买买东西吗?
He did a lot of running when he was young. 他年轻时经常跑步。
I’d like to stay at home and do some reading. 我想留在家里看看书。
3. 用于 do with, 主要用法有:
(1) 表示需要或希望得到某物,通常与 could 连用,有时与 can 甚至 will 等连用。如:
I could do with a cup of coffee. 我想喝一杯咖啡。
You look as if you could do with a good night’s sleep. 你看来似乎需要好好睡上一夜。
若用于否定式,可表示“忍受”。如:
I can’t do with loud music. 我受不了喧闹的音乐。
(2) 用来询问如何处理某事物(通常含有把某物弄到哪儿去之意),此时通常要与 what 连用。如:
A:What have you done with my pen? 你把我的钢笔弄到哪儿 去了?
B:I put it away. 我把它收起来了。
What are we going to do with the food left over from theparty? 我们宴会上剩下的食物怎么办?
比较 do with 与 do to:
What did you do with my book? 你把我的书弄到哪里去了?
What did you do to my book? 你把我书怎样了? (弄坏了还是丢掉了?)
与 what 连用的 do with有时还可以表示“利用”或“对付”。如:
I don’t know what to do with this strange object. 我不知道这怪东西有什么用。
What are you going to do with these hooligans? 你打算怎样处置这些小流氓?
(3) 表示打发时间或安排时间,其后通常接反身代词。如:
Tell me what you did with yourselves on Sunday. 告诉我你们星期天是怎样过的。
后接反身代词,有时表示“控制”。如:
The children didn’t know what to do with themselves forexcitement. 孩子们兴奋得无法控制自己。
(4) 表示将就或凑合,意为“对付过去”、“凑合着”等。如:
Can you do with a five-yuan note? 给你五块钱够了吗?
If we can’t afford meat we shall have to do with fish. 要是我们买不起肉,就只得吃鱼了。
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