I saw the film three days ago.
I have already seen the film.
表示过去完成的事情是这两种时态的共同点,那同学们想过没有,这两种时态的区别在哪里?今天,老师为大家总结了一般过去时和现在完成时的基本用法以及它们的本质区别,同学们好好体会一下。
一般过去时的用法
1. 用来表示明确过去时间发生的动作或存在的状况。例如:
I bought some fruits yesterday.
我昨天买了一些水果。
--- Where were you last week?
上周你在哪儿?
--- I was at my uncle's home in the countryside.
(上周)我在乡下的叔叔家。
2. 有些情况,发生时间没有明确标明,但实际上是过去发的,应用过去时态;另外,在谈到已故去的人时,也多用过去时。例如:
He bought a cat, and now they are good friends.
他买了一只猫,现在他们是好朋友了。
Lu Xun was a great writer.
鲁迅是一位伟大的作家。
与一般过去时连用的时间状语有yesterday, last night, last week, four days ago, in 2002, just now, the day before yesterday等明确的过去时间状语。
现在完成时的用法
1.表示过去已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响且强调对现在造成的影响,不能表明动作发生的具体的过去时间,可与already、yet、just、before、recently、lately等模糊的过去时间状语用,例如:
The car has already arrived.
车子来了。(结果:车子已在门口)
She has broken the window before.
她之前把窗户打破了。(结果:窗户仍破着)
2. 表示一个动作从过去开始发生,持续到现在,并且有可能继续持续下去,可以和表示时间段的时间状语连用,如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点/一般过去时的句子、疑问词how long等。例如:
My uncle has worked at this factory for five years.
我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。
Mr. Black has lived inChinasince 2002.
自从2002年Mr. Black 一直住在中国。
How long have you been here?
你来这里多久了?
注意:此种用法中表示持续动作或状态的动词必须是延续性词。例如:
(1)这本书我已经买了三个月了。
错误:I have bought the book for three months.
正确:I have had the book for three months.
(2)你哥哥参军多长时间了?
错误:How long has your brother joined the army?
正确:How long has your brother been in the army
延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换
leave --- be away
borrow --- keep
buy --- have
die --- be dead
finish --- be over
fall ill ---be ill
catch a cold --- have a cold
put on→ wear
fall asleep --- be asleep
get to know --- know
join----be a member of ...
open ---be open
close ---be closed
一般过去时和现在完成时的区别
1.侧重点不同
现在完成时侧重于过去完成的事情对现在的影响,不能指明动作发生的明确过去时间,因而不能与明确过去时间状语连用;而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个或某段具体时间。即现在完成时侧重于现在的结果,而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间。例如:
I have seen the film.
我看过这部电影。(现在我仍记得电影的内容)
I saw the film three days ago.
三天前我看了这部电影。(强调是三天前,而不是别的什么时候看的电影)
Mr Green has bought a new computer.
格林先生买了一台新电脑。(格林先生现在有了一台新电脑)
Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday.
格林先生昨天买了一台新电脑。(强调的是格林先生买新电脑的时间是昨天)
2. 时间状语不同
现在完成时常与already, yet, just, ever, never, before等模糊的过去时间状语或“for+段时间”,“since+过去时间/从句”等表示时间段的时间状语连用;而一般过去时则常与“一段时间+ago”,just now, yesterday, last week等明确过去时间状语连用。例如:
She has lived here since two years ago.
她两年前就住在这里了。
She lived here two years ago.
两年前她住在这里。
[实战演练]
1. -I have seen the film “Titanic”already.
-When __________ you __________ it?
-The day before yesterday.
A. have; seen
B. will; see
C. did; see
D. did; seen
2. Mr Black __________ in China since five years ago.
A. lived
B. has lived
C. lives
D. is going to live
3. We ___________ trees last Sunday. So far we __________ over 3,000 trees there.
A. planted; planted
B. planted; have planted
C. have planted; planted
D. have planted; have planted
key:1.C 2.B 3.B
同学们好好思考一下这两种时态的用法及其异同,同一个意思可以用不同的时态去表达,侧重点不同而已,学好语法可以让你更清晰的表达想要表达的意思。
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